ÿWPCs Xòï/$¨¡NlÕ^7FLòá«©!Nlë½M¶{ó·|µ©]¸/ ñ¿Ç-eÅ×¼_̓éÀ+·Äo–Ž>Ph²¿Þ±n†âþ\.ýÁ¸Ÿjáä©"‡¡aòFu¹.íV§Yàßhß ™}æÔ¼ôv‚XR}Q¾úDSùxs¾òÓ=âö7|X|7ÑŸmºÌ1¾´íO‘jùãÉ Cƪ”ù–M«Yk¡ãQâ  åþ¿o=µ£Ú¼³|$sŠBMq&2P¬Ùeá<“Ü.^0Þ J™Ž™ÏŸ-1vø˜nbäÁÀ¶tŒŠ r,µ“k&¼RÖà¹pwøÿºxÀköÖ4.L<*iƒS8ˆ a™æâN±¨q¥ï¡¥à ÷å& eåëË©1pìoïά¯å°¯ÔÜp+;å7úQ¥qî•]wMþžPøcÎì#Ï Õ¬ã߯èƒvíÑùÐ"”.á‰ëB¤;‚s5yç¶lðEwJå¸]¨¶¶ç£ÚØa‹bagÏ€KÞ kƒ›HgÒØáÑ¡»é²$ð3¼ÄPâ‡ä¥Ç²p„­”á5BÒñ›Çqºuê^DcŸ4½>¡¿èú ÝgœGùY®—lŠhþÒÈ ždÅÐMãX#!ÒUNó %A 0(Gw@o4¯ÃÒ mÔU>ëb)U:11bk˜Acrobat PDFWriterÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0xÈhH  Z6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ mnopqrstuv¯x>*h,€€û~3|xvOÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ´¤ìl9Z+&Courier Regular- ù-<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiA- ùÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý›ÑX°ÑÔ€ X§pXXXÔÑ€ ÑÑ8€ðçXXdúdì8ÑÑ  Ñà@U U ìàSTANDING€COMMITTEE€ON€RULESˆÐ ° Ðà@Ò Ò ìàòòOF€PRACTICE€AND€PROCEDUREóóˆÐ ‘á ÐÌÌÌÓÓà  àMinutes€of€a€meeting€of€the€Rules€Committee€held€at€theÏWakefield€Valley€Golf€and€Conference€Center,€Westminster,ÏMaryland,€on€October€20,€2000.ÌÓÓÌà  àMembers€present:ÌÌHon.€Joseph€F.€Murphy,€Jr.,€ChairÌLinda€M.€¢Schuett£,€Esq.,€Vice€ChairÌÌLowell€R.€Bowen,€Esq.à0 h àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àHon.€Joseph€H.€H.€KaplanСñ(#(# ÐAlbert€D.€Brault,€Esq.à0 h àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àJoyce€H.€Knox,€Esq.ЂÒ(#(# ÐHon.€James€W.€Drydenà0 h àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àDebbie€L.€Potter,€Esq.Ðc³(#(# ÐHon.€Ellen€M.€Hellerà0 h àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àLarry€W.€¢Shipley£,€ClerkÐD”(#(# ÐBayard€Z.€Hochberg,€Esq.à0 À àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àHon.€James€N.€VaughanÐ%up(#p(# ÐHon.€G.€R.€Hovey€JohnsonÌÌÌà  àIn€attendance:ÌÌSandra€F.€Haines,€Esq.,€ReporterÌCathy€D.€Cox,€Administrative€AssistantÌMichele€¢Nethercott£,€Esq.,€Office€of€the€PublicÌ€DefenderÌDelegate€Samuel€RosenbergÌHon.€Sally€Denison€AdkinsÌHon.€James€T.€Smith,€Jr.ÌClaire€Smearman,€Esq.ÌSteven€P.€Lemmey,€Esq.,€Commission€on€Judicial€Ì€€DisabilitiesÌHon.€Charlotte€M.€¢Cooksey£ÌElizabeth€B.€¢Veronis£,€Esq.ÌÌÌÓÓà  àThe€Chair€convened€the€meeting.€€He€announced€that€theÏAssistant€Reporter€was€absent€because€her€mother€had€passedÏaway.€€He€said€that€the€proposed€revision€of€the€AttorneyÏDisciplinary€Rules,€drafted€by€two€judges€of€the€Court€ofÐ ÿ-O)/  ÐAppeals€and€reviewed€by€the€Rules€Committee€at€the€SeptemberÏmeeting,€will€be€considered€by€the€Court€on€Monday,€NovemberÏ6,€2000€at€2:00€p.m.€Ð  4„ Ðat€the€Robert€C.€Murphy€Courts€of€Appeal€Building€inÏAnnapolis.€€He€also€announced€that€the€¢148òòth£óó€Report€of€theÐ r ÐRules€Committee€was€transmitted€to€the€Court€of€Appeals,€and€aÏhearing€will€be€scheduled€at€a€later€date.Ìà  àThe€Chair€told€the€Committee€that€Mr.€Klein€had€sent€inÏan€e„mail€in€which€he€proposed€amendments€to€the€SeptemberÏminutes.€€The€e„mail€was€distributed€to€the€Committee€members.€ÏThe€Reporter€suggested€that€the€third€paragraph€of€Mr.€KleinððsÏe„mail€communication€be€changed€into€the€third€party€voice€andÏinserted€on€page€75€of€the€minutes.€€The€minutes€were€approvedÏas€amended.ÌÓÓÌAgenda€Item€2.€€Consideration€of€proposed€amendments€toÏcertainÌ€€rules€in€Title€4,€Criminal€Causes:€Rule€4„331€(Motions€forÏNewÌ€€Trial)€and€Rule€4„341€(Sentencing€ð"ð€¢Presentence£ÏInvestigation)Ì______________________________________________________________¼__ÌÌÌÓÓà  àThe€Chair€stated€that€Delegate€Samuel€Rosenberg€andÏMichele€¢Nethercott£,€Esq.€were€present€to€discuss€Rule€4„331.€ÏJudge€Johnson€presented€Rule€4„331€for€the€CommitteeððsÏconsideration.ÌÓÓÌÒ` °ÒÒ` °Òà@U U ìàMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆÌÌà@Ò Ò ìàTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆÌÌà@Ÿ Ÿ ìàCHAPTER€300€„€TRIAL€AND€SENTENCINGˆÐ -n(. ЇÌà ¸ àAMEND€Rule€4„331€to€add€to€subsectionÏ(c)(2)€an€exception€for€DNA€identificationÏtesting€and€certain€other€scientificÏevidence€and€to€clarify€that€under€sectionÏ(e)€a€hearing€must€be€held€under€certainÏcircumstances,€as€follows:ÌÌÌRule€4-331.€€MOTIONS€FOR€NEW€TRIAL€ÌÌÌ€€(a)€€Within€Ten€Days€of€VerdictÌÌà ¸ à€€On€motion€of€the€defendant€filedÏwithin€ten€days€after€a€verdict,€the€court,Ïin€the€interest€of€justice,€may€order€a€newÏtrial.€€ÌÌCross€reference:€€For€the€effect€of€aÏmotion€under€this€section€on€the€time€forÏappeal€see€Rules€7-104€(b)€and€8-202€(b).€€ÌÌ€€(b)€€¢Revisory£€PowerÌÌà ¸ à€€The€court€has€¢revisory£€power€andÏcontrol€over€the€judgment€to€set€aside€anÏunjust€or€improper€verdict€and€grant€a€newÏtrial:€€€€€€ÌÌ€€€€(1)€in€the€District€Court,€on€motionÏfiled€within€90€days€after€its€impositionÏof€sentence€if€an€appeal€has€not€beenÏperfected;€€Ì€€€€(2)€in€the€circuit€courts,€on€motionÏfiled€within€90€days€after€its€impositionÏof€sentence.€€ÌÌThereafter,€the€court€has€¢revisory£€powerÏand€control€over€the€judgment€in€case€ofÏfraud,€mistake,€or€irregularity.€€ÌÌ€€(c)€€Newly€Discovered€EvidenceÌÌà ¸ à€€The€court€may€grant€a€new€trial€orÏother€appropriate€relief€on€the€ground€ofÏnewly€discovered€evidence€which€could€notÐ -n(. Ðhave€been€discovered€by€due€diligence€inÏtime€to€move€for€a€new€trial€pursuant€toÏsection€(a)€of€this€Rule:€€ÌÌ€€€€(1)€in€the€District€Court,€on€motionÏfiled€within€one€year€after€its€impositionÏof€sentence€if€an€appeal€has€not€beenÏperfected;€€Ì€€€€(2)€in€a€circuit€court,€on€motion€filedÏwithin€one€year€after€its€imposition€ofÏsentence€or€the€date€it€receives€a€mandateÏissued€by€the€Court€of€Appeals€or€theÏCourts€of€Special€Appeals,€whichever€isÏlater,€except€that€û€€€(û(A)ü€€€(ü€if€a€sentence€ofÏdeath€was€imposed,€the€motion€may€be€filedÏat€any€time€if€the€newly€discoveredÏevidence,€if€proven,€would€show€that€theÏdefendant€is€innocent€of€the€capital€crimeÏof€which€the€defendant€was€convicted€or€ofÏan€aggravating€circumstance€or€otherÏcondition€of€eligibility€for€the€deathÏpenalty€actually€found€by€the€court€or€juryÏin€imposing€the€death€sentence€û€€€(ûand€(B)€aÏmotion€for€a€new€trial€of€a€felony€crimeÏmay€be€filed€at€any€time€if€the€motion€isÏbased€upon€DNA€identification€testing€orÏother€generally€accepted€scientificÏtechniques€the€results€of€which,€if€proven,Ïcould€show€that€the€defendant€is€innocentÏof€the€crime€for€which€the€defendant€wasÏconvicted.ü€€€(ü€€ÌÌCommittee€note:€€Newly€discovered€evidenceÏof€mitigating€circumstances€does€notÏentitle€a€defendant€to€claim€actualÏinnocence.€€See€òòSawyer€v.€Whitleyóó,€112€S.Ð s#Ã# ÐCt.€2514€(1992).€€ÌÌ€€(d)€€Form€of€MotionÌÌà ¸ à€€A€motion€filed€under€this€Rule€shallÏbe€in€writing€and€shall€state€in€detail€theÏgrounds€upon€which€it€is€based.€€If€theÏdefendant€was€sentenced€to€death€and€theÏmotion€is€filed€more€than€one€year€afterÏthe€circuit€court€receives€the€mandateÏissued€by€the€Court€of€Appeals,€the€motionÐ -n(. Ðshall€be€under€oath€and€shall€state€inÏdetail€the€newly€discovered€evidenceÏrequired€by€subsection€(c)(2)€of€this€Rule.€ÏÌÌ€€(e)€€DispositionÌÌà ¸ à€€û€€€(ûIf€there€is€no€waiver€by€theÏparties,ü€€€(ü€ò òTheó ó€û€€€(û¢the£ü€€€(ü€court€shall€ò òafford€theÐ ¸  Ðdefendant€or€counsel€and€the€State'sÏAttorney€an€opportunity€foró ó€û€€€(ûholdü€€€(ü€a€hearingÐ z Ê  Ðon€a€motion€filed€under€this€Rule,€exceptÏthat€if€the€motion€is€filed€more€than€oneÏyear€after€the€circuit€court€receives€theÏmandate€issued€by€the€Court€of€Appeals,€aÏhearing€need€not€be€held€unless€the€motionÏsatisfies€the€requirements€of€section€(d)Ïof€this€Rule.€€The€court€may€revise€aÏjudgment€or€set€aside€a€verdict€prior€toÏentry€of€a€judgment€only€on€the€record€inÏopen€court.€€The€court€shall€state€itsÏreasons€for€setting€aside€a€judgment€orÏverdict€and€granting€a€new€trial.€€ÌCross€reference:€€Code,€Article€27,€ðððð594Ïand€770.€€ÌÌSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€from€formerÏRule€770€and€¢M.D.R.£€770.ÌÌÌÒ°` ÒÒ°` ÒÐ  ^ Ðà  àRule€4„331€was€accompanied€by€the€following€ReporterððsÏNote.ÌÌÒ` °ÒÒ` °Òà ¸ àThe€proposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„331Ïare€twofold.ÌÌà ¸ àBased€on€a€request€by€Delegate€SamuelÏRosenberg,€the€Criminal€Subcommittee€isÏrecommending€a€change€to€Rule€4„331€(c)(2)Ïto€add€another€exception€to€the€rule€that€aÏcourt€may€not€grant€a€new€trial€or€otherÏappropriate€relief€on€the€ground€of€newlyÏdiscovered€evidence€if€the€motion€for€a€newÏtrial€was€not€filed€within€a€year€after€theÏimposition€of€sentence.€€The€exception€isÏfor€newly€discovered€evidence€based€uponÏDNA€identification€testing€or€otherÏgenerally€accepted€scientific€techniquesÏthe€results€of€which,€if€proven,€could€showÏthat€the€defendant€is€innocent€of€the€crimeÏfor€which€the€defendant€was€convicted.€ÏThis€change€is€prompted€by€ongoing€advancesÏin€DNA€technology€which€may€have€occurredÏor€may€occur€more€than€a€year€afterÏcriminal€trials.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€case€of€òòJackson€v.€Stateóó,€358€Md.Ð ŠÚ Ð612€(2000),€filed€May€10,€2000)€pointed€outÏsome€ambiguity€as€to€whether€section€(e)€ofÏRule€4„331€provides€an€automatic€hearingÏwhen€a€motion€for€a€new€trial€is€filed.€ÏThe€Court€of€Appeals€held€that€in€theÏabsence€of€a€waiver€by€the€parties,€theÏcourt€must€conduct€a€hearing.€€The€CriminalÏSubcommittee€is€recommending€a€change€toÏthe€language€of€section€(e)€to€clarify€thisÏholding.ÌÌÌÒ°` ÒÒ°` ÒÓÓà  àJudge€Johnson€explained€that€the€Criminal€Subcommittee€isÏproposing€to€add€a€new€provision€to€subsection€(c)(2)€whichÏwould€allow€a€motion€for€a€new€trial€beyond€one€year€after€theÏimposition€of€sentence€if€the€motion€is€based€upon€DNAÐ =,'- Ðidentification€testing€or€other€accepted€scientific€techniquesÏthe€results€of€which,€if€proven,€could€show€that€the€defendantÏis€innocent€of€the€crime€for€which€the€defendant€wasÏconvicted.€€€€Delegate€Rosenberg€noted€that€he€had€introducedÏHouse€Bill€1080€which€was€similar€to€the€proposed€change€toÏRule€4„331.€€Robert€Dean,€Esq.,€a€member€of€the€RulesÏCommittee,€had€referred€Delegate€Rosenberg€to€Rule€4„331,€soÏhe€presented€the€proposed€change€to€the€Criminal€Subcommittee.€ÏThe€Rule€reflects€the€language€of€the€proposed€statutoryÏchange,€except€that€the€Rule€change€is€more€specific,Ïpertaining€directly€to€DNA€evidence€or€generally€acceptedÏscientific€evidence.€€Delegate€Rosenberg€said€that€he€is€inÏagreement€with€the€proposed€language€to€be€added€to€Rule€4„¼331.€€If€the€change€were€made,€there€would€be€no€need€forÏlegislative€action.€€Ìà  àMr.€Brault€asked€why€there€was€an€unfavorable€report€ofÏHouse€Bill€1080.€€Delegate€Rosenberg€answered€that€this€canÏhappen€with€first„time€legislation.€€He€noted€that€DelegateÏ¢Vallario£€was€in€agreement€with€the€Subcommitteeððs€proposedÏRule€change.€€Judge€Johnson€remarked€that€the€basis€of€theÏdiscussion€at€the€Subcommittee€was€that€a€defendant€should€beÏable€to€bring€in€newly€discovered€exculpatory€DNA€evidence.€ÏThe€Vice€Chair€commented€that€this€would€be€appropriate€whenÏthe€defendant€is€not€guilty€of€the€crime.€€Judge€JohnsonÐ -n(. Ðresponded€that€the€Subcommittee€proposes€to€use€the€wordÏð ðinnocent.ðð€€€The€Chair€pointed€out€that€in€the€KirkÏ¢Bloodsworth£€case,€the€DNA€evidence€excluded€¢Bloodsworth£€as€theÏperpetrator€of€the€crime.€€The€Reporter€stated€that€Bob€DeanÏhad€called€her€to€suggest€that€the€word€ð ðcouldðð€should€beÏchanged€to€the€word€ð ðshould.ðð€€She€observed€that€this€changeÏwould€conform€the€language€of€subsection€(c)(2)(B)€to€theÏlanguage€of€subsection€(c)(2)(A).€€The€Committee€agreed€byÏconsensus€to€this€change.€€The€Chair€commented€that€someÏpeople€are€given€long€prison€sentences€even€if€convicted€of€aÏmisdemeanor,€and€he€asked€if€it€would€be€harmful€if€theÏlanguage€ð ðof€a€felony€crimeðð€were€deleted.€€An€example€of€thisÏwould€be€a€long€sentence€for€an€assault€conviction.€€JudgeÏHeller€expressed€her€agreement€with€the€Chairððs€suggestion.€ÏThe€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€the€deletion€of€theÏlanguage€ð ðof€a€felony€crimeðð€from€subsection€(c)(2)(B)€of€RuleÏ4„331.€€Ìà  àThe€Chair€pointed€out€that€under€the€holding€of€a€recentÏcase,€òò¢Skok£€v.€Marylandóó,€___€Md.€___€(No.€22,€September€Term,Ð T$¤$ Ð1999,€filed€October€10,€2000),€a€defendant€can€use€the€writ€ofÏòòcoramóó€òò¢nobis£óó€to€reopen€a€misdemeanor€drug€case€because€thereÐ Ø'(#( Ðwas€allegedly€something€procedurally€wrong€with€the€way€theÏdefendantððs€guilty€plea€was€accepted.€€The€writ€of€òòcoramóó€òò¢nobis£óóÐ \+¬&, Ðmay€be€applicable€to€reopening€cases€because€of€newlyÐ -n(. Ðdiscovered€DNA€evidence.€€Ìà  àMr.€Bowen€remarked€that€Delegate€Rosenberg€pointed€outÏthat€the€change€to€subsection€(c)(2)€is€limited€to€scientificÏevidence€and€to€any€crime€of€the€which€the€alleged€perpetratorÏis€innocent.€€Ms.€¢Nethercott£€said€that€at€the€moment€twoÏstates,€Illinois€and€New€York,€have€enacted€amendments€toÏtheir€criminal€code€which€are€similar€to€the€change€proposedÏto€Rule€4„331.€€One€aspect€of€this€matter€which€the€Rule€doesÏnot€address€is€what€happens€when€the€defendant€finds€out€thatÏthe€evidence€exists€and€has€been€tested,€but€the€lawÏenforcement€agency€is€not€willing€to€release€the€evidence.€ÏShe€said€that€she€is€not€aware€of€any€cases€like€this,€but€itÏmay€be€a€problem€down€the€road.€€The€Illinois€and€New€YorkÏstatutes€provide€that€the€petitioner€can€obtain€the€assistanceÏof€the€court€in€ordering€that€the€evidence€be€released.€€TheÏChair€said€that€the€courts€have€that€inherent€power,€and€thisÏis€consistent€with€case€law.€€Judge€Smith€remarked€that€heÏcould€not€imagine€denying€such€a€motion.€€Judge€JohnsonÏcommented€that€he€had€a€case€on€post€conviction€where€theÏpolice€had€been€ordered€to€search€for€a€weapon€and€had€foundÏit,€but€a€party€to€the€case€claimed€it€never€existed.€€TheÏChair€reiterated€that€the€court€has€the€power€to€order€thatÏevidence€be€released,€and€it€is€not€necessary€to€expresslyÏprovide€this€in€the€Rule.€€Ð -n(. Ðà  àMr.€Hochberg€inquired€as€to€why€the€motion€does€not€haveÏto€be€under€oath.€€Mr.€Brault€asked€how€one€would€make€aÏmotion€under€oath.€€The€Vice€Chair€pointed€out€that€motionsÏare€made€under€oath€in€Rule€4„252.€€She€suggested€that€theÏSubcommittee€could€consider€Rule€4„252€in€determining€whetherÏa€motion€should€be€filed€under€oath€in€Rule€4„331.€€The€ChairÏasked€if€the€Rule€should€be€sent€back€to€the€Subcommittee,€andÏthe€Committee€was€of€the€opinion€that€it€should€not€be€sentÏback.€€The€Committee€approved€the€changes€to€subsection€(c)(2)Ïas€amended.€€The€Vice€Chair€suggested€that,€without€delayingÏthis€rule€change,€the€Criminal€Subcommittee€could€look€at€theÏissue€of€when€an€oath€should€be€required€in€Rules€4„252,€4„¼331,€and€the€other€Rules€in€Title€4.€€The€Committee€agreed€byÏconsensus.Ìà  àTurning€to€section€(e),€Judge€Johnson€explained€that€theÏSubcommittee€is€proposing€to€clarify€that€a€hearing€isÏrequired€pursuant€to€the€decision€of€òòJackson€v.€Stateóó,€358€Md.Ð Ð   Ð612€(2000),€which€had€pointed€out€some€ambiguity€as€to€whetherÏsection€(e)€of€Rule€4„331€provides€an€automatic€hearing€when€aÏmotion€for€a€new€trial€is€filed.€€The€Vice€Chair€questioned€asÏto€how€the€hearing€is€waived,€and€Judge€Johnson€replied€thatÏit€is€waived€if€no€one€asks€for€a€hearing.€€Judge€Heller€notedÏthat€waiver€in€criminal€proceedings€can€be€different.€€CounselÏor€the€defendant€can€€expressly€so€state,€or€it€may€beÐ -n(. Ðnecessary€to€come€to€the€courtroom€to€waive€the€hearing.€ÏAnother€way€to€accomplish€the€concept€of€a€waiver€is€to€deleteÏthe€introductory€language€of€section€(e)€which€reads:€€ð ð[¢i]f£Ïthere€is€no€waiver€by€the€partiesðð€and€substitute€in€its€placeÏthe€language€ð ð[¢i]f£€a€hearing€is€requested€by€a€party.ðð€€TheÏVice€Chair€pointed€out€that€one€of€the€ambiguities€in€theÏexisting€language€of€the€Rule€is€the€meaning€of€the€phraseÏð ð[¢t]he£€court€shall€afford€the€defendant€or€counsel€and€theÏStateððs€Attorney€an€opportunity€for€a€hearingðð€when€there€isÏno€other€place€in€the€Rule€providing€how€the€hearing€happens.€€ÏMr.€Bowen€commented€that€if€the€introductory€language€ofÏsection€(e)€is€changed€as€Judge€Heller€suggested,€the€secondÏpart€of€section€(e)€will€have€to€be€changed€to€be€consistent.€ÏSections€(d)€and€(e)€will€have€to€be€worked€on€together.€€TheÏVice€Chair€stated€that€the€Style€Subcommittee€can€take€care€ofÏthis.€€The€Chair€stated€that€Rule€4„331€was€approved€asÏamended.€€He€thanked€Delegate€Rosenberg€and€Ms.€¢Nethercott£€forÏattending€the€meeting.Ìà  àJudge€Johnson€presented€Rule€4„341,€Sentencing€ð"ðÏ¢Presentence£€Investigation,€for€the€Committeeððs€consideration.ÌÓÓÌÒ` °ÒÒ` °ÒÐ  ¹( $) Ðà@U U ìàMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆÌÌà@Ò Ò ìàTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆÌÌà@Ÿ Ÿ ìàCHAPTER€300€„€TRIAL€AND€SENTENCINGˆÌÌÌà ¸ àAMEND€Rule€4„341€to€add€an€exceptionÏto€the€confidentiality€requirement,€asÏfollows:ÌÌÌRule€4-341.€€SENTENCING€„„€¢PRESENTENCE£ÏINVESTIGATIONÌÌÌà ¸ àBefore€imposing€a€sentence,€ifÏrequired€by€law€the€court€shall,€and€inÏother€cases€may,€order€a€¢presentence£Ïinvestigation€and€report.€€A€copy€of€theÏreport,€including€any€recommendation€to€theÏcourt,€shall€be€mailed€or€otherwiseÏdelivered€to€the€defendant€or€counsel€andÏto€the€State's€Attorney€in€sufficient€timeÏbefore€sentencing€to€afford€a€reasonableÏopportunity€for€the€parties€to€investigateÏthe€information€in€the€report.€€TheÏ¢presentence£€report,€including€anyÏrecommendation€to€the€court,€is€not€aÏpublic€record€and€shall€be€keptÏconfidential€as€provided€in€Code,ÏCorrectional€Services€Article,€ðð6„112û€€€(û,Ïunless€admitted€into€evidenceü€€€(ü.€€ÌÌCross€reference:€€See,€e.g.,€òò¢Sucik£€v.Ð ’"â" ÐStateóó,€344€Md.€611€(1997).€€As€to€theÐ s#Ã# Ðhandling€of€a€¢presentence£€report,€see€òòWareÐ T$¤$ Ðv.€Stateóó,€348€Md.€19€(1997)€and€òòHaynes€v.Ð 5%… % ÐStateóó,€19€Md.€App.€428€(1973).Ð &f!& Ѐ€ÌSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€from€formerÏRule€771€and€¢M.D.R.£€771.ÌÌÌÒ°` ÒÒ°` Òà0  àRule€4„341€was€accompanied€by€the€following€ReporterððsÏNote.Ð (#(# ÐÐ -n(. ÐÒ` °ÒÒ` °Òà ¸ àMary€R.€Craig,€Esq.,€who€representsÏthe€¢Sunpapers£,€requested€a€change€to€theÏconfidentiality€provision€of€Rule€4„341.€ÏShe€pointed€out€that€the€decision€ofÏòòBaltimore€Sun€v.€¢Thanos£óó,€92€Md.€App.€227Ð 4„ Ð(1992)€held€that€a€¢presentence£€report€isÏrequired€to€be€admitted€into€evidence€inÏthe€sentencing€phase€of€a€capital€case.€ÏShe€contends€that€once€the€¢presentence£Ïreport€is€admitted€into€evidence,€theÏpublic€has€a€First€Amendment€right€toÏreview€it.€€The€Criminal€SubcommitteeÏpointed€out€that€ðð6„112€of€the€CorrectionalÏServices€Article€allows€a€court€to€orderÏthat€the€report€is€not€confidential.€€TheÏSubcommittee€felt€that€the€judge€can€decideÏif€the€report€is€admissible€pursuant€to€theÏstatute€and€case€law.€€The€SubcommitteeÏrecommends€making€the€change€suggested€byÏMs.€Craig,€which€is€to€add€the€languageÏð ðunless€admitted€into€evidenceðð€at€the€endÏof€Rule€4„341.ÌÌÌÒ°` ÒÒ°` ÒÓÓà  àJudge€Johnson€explained€that€counsel€for€òòTheóó€òòBaltimoreóóÐ È ÐòòSun,óó€Mary€R.€Craig,€Esq.,€had€asked€that€Rule€4„341€be€changedÐ ŠÚ Ðto€provide€that€if€the€pre„sentence€investigation€report€(PSI)Ïhas€been€admitted€into€evidence,€it€would€be€available€to€theÏpublic.€€This€would€be€an€exception€to€the€rule€that€the€pre„¼sentence€report€is€confidential.€€The€Chair€said€that€a€lawyerÏfor€the€newspaper€brought€this€up€in€the€context€of€a€capitalÏcase.€€The€perception€of€òòTheóó€òò¢Sunpapers£óó€was€that€a€conflict€wasÐ &f!& Ðcreated€if€the€PSI€report€is€admitted€in€a€capital€case,€butÏit€is€not€available€to€the€public.€€The€Vice€Chair€noted€thatÏthe€PSI€report€is€not€a€public€record€under€the€PublicÏInformation€Act.€€Judge€Johnson€observed€that€there€is€noÐ -n(. Ðconflict€within€the€Rule.€€The€Rule€provides€that€if€admittedÏinto€evidence,€the€PSI€report€is€available€to€the€public€andÏis€given€to€the€jury.€€The€Vice€Chair€commented€that€the€viewÏof€Ms.€Craig€is€not€that€the€PSI€should€be€a€public€record,Ïbut€that€it€should€be€available€to€the€press.€€Judge€JohnsonÏsaid€that€this€is€dealing€with€a€capital€case.€€The€jury€isÏgiven€the€evidence€that€it€will€be€considering,€and€this€isÏgiven€to€the€public.€€Judge€Smith€suggested€that€the€languageÏð ðin€a€capital€caseðð€be€added€at€the€end€of€the€last€sentenceÏof€Rule€4„341.€€Judge€Heller€remarked€that€up€until€now,€theÏPSI€report€has€not€been€public€record,€but€it€can€beÏintroduced€into€evidence.€€The€Chair€suggested€that€theÏlanguage€could€be€ð ðunless€received€into€evidence€during€theÏsentencing€proceeding.ðð€€Judge€Johnson€reiterated€that€onlyÏcapital€cases€are€being€discussed.€Ìà  àThe€Chair€asked€if€the€Rule€is€acceptable€to€theÏCommittee€with€the€addition€of€the€language€ð ðin€a€capitalÏcaseðð€at€the€end€of€the€last€sentence.€€By€consensus,€theÏCommittee€approved€the€rule€as€amended.ÌÓÓÌAgenda€Item€1.€€Consideration€of€proposed€amendments€to€Rule€Ì€€16„813,€Maryland€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct.€€(See€Appendix€1)Ì______________________________________________________________¼___ÌÌÌÓÓà  àThe€Chair€explained€that€when€the€revised€JudicialÐ =,'- ÐDisabilities€Commission€Rules€were€considered€by€the€Court€ofÏAppeals,€the€Court€asked€that€the€Committee€reconsider€theÏCode€of€Judicial€Conduct.€€The€revised€Code€will€be€presentedÏto€the€Court€by€the€Judicial€Ethics€Committee,€and€not€by€theÏRules€Committee.€€The€Rules€Committee€will€look€over€the€CodeÏof€Judicial€Conduct€and€present€recommendations€to€theÏJudicial€Ethics€Committee,€who€will€make€their€suggestedÏchanges€with€the€benefit€of€the€Rules€CommitteeððsÏrecommendations.€€Ìà  àThe€Chair€presented€the€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€for€theÏCommitteeððs€consideration.€€(See€Appendix€1).€€He€said€thatÏtext€of€the€Preamble€is€fairly€consistent€with€the€ABAÏPreamble.€€The€changes€in€the€Preamble€involve€reorganizingÏsome€of€the€sentences€to€try€to€make€it€clearer€that€everyÏviolation€of€the€Code€does€not€result€in€disciplinaryÏsanctions.€€There€are€requirements€in€the€Code€that€a€singleÏviolation€of€a€rule€may€be€serious€enough€to€result€in€aÏdisciplinary€sanction,€but€not€all€violations€automaticallyÏresult€in€disciplinary€sanctions.€€Judge€Adkins€suggested€thatÏin€the€second€paragraph€of€the€Preamble,€the€language€whichÏreads:€ð ðbroad€statements€called€Canonsðð€could€be€changed€toÏð ðspecific€statements€of€conduct.ðð€€The€Reporter€pointed€outÏthat€M.€Peter€Moser,€Esq.,€a€consultant€to€the€General€CourtÏAdministration€Subcommittee,€had€sent€in€two€letters€onÐ -n(. ÐOctober€16,€2000,€copies€of€which€had€been€distributed€atÏtodayððs€meeting.€€(See€Appendix€2.)€€In€one€of€the€letters€Mr.ÏMoser€had€made€the€suggestion€to€delete€the€language€from€theÏPreamble€which€reads€ð ðbroad€statements€calledðð€and€substituteÏin€its€place€the€language€ð ðspecific€rules€set€forth€in.ðð€€HeÏalso€suggested€that€the€remainder€of€the€sentence€read€asÏfollows:€€ð ðCanons,€a€terminology€section,€and€Comments.ðð€€Mr.ÏBowen€suggested€that€the€language€should€be€ð ða€terminologyÏsection,€Canons,€and€Comments.ðð€€The€Committee€agreed€byÏconsensus€to€these€changes,€substituting€Mr.€BowenððsÏsuggestion€for€Mr.€Moserððs€second€suggestion.Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€asked€if€the€language€in€the€thirdÏparagraph€of€the€Preamble€which€reads€ð ðWhether€disciplinaryÏaction€is€appropriate,€and€the€degree€of€discipline€to€beÏimposed,€should€be€determined€through€a€reasonable€andÏreasoned€application€of€the€text€and€should€depend€on€suchÏfactors€as...ðð€is€consistent€with€the€language€of€Rule€16„803Ï(g),€the€definition€of€ð ðsanctionable€conduct.ðð€€Judge€SmithÏanswered€that€he€felt€that€the€definition€of€ð ðsanctionableÏconductðð€is€consistent€with€the€language€in€the€Preamble,€andÏthe€Chair€agreed.Ìà  àDirecting€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€page€A„4€ofÏAppendix€1,€Mr.€Bowen€pointed€out€that€Mr.€Moser€asked€for€aÏchange€in€the€definition€of€the€word€ð ðfiduciaryðð€in€sectionÐ -n(. Ð(b)€of€the€ð ðTerminologyðð€provisions.€€Mr.€Moser€proposed€thatÏthe€first€sentence€of€section€(b)€would€read€as€follows:Ïð ðððFiduciaryðð€includes€such€relationships€as€trustee,€attorney„¼in„fact€by€power€of€attorney,€personal€representative,€andÏguardian.ðð€€The€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.€€Ìà  àMr.€Bowen€suggested€that€in€section€(c)€on€page€A„4,Ïquotation€marks€should€be€placed€around€the€words€ð ðKnowingly,Ïknowledge,€known,€or€knows.ðð€€The€Committee€agreed€byÏconsensus€with€this€suggestion.€€Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€asked€if€the€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€willÏgo€to€the€Style€Subcommittee.€€The€Chair€answered€in€theÏaffirmative.Ìà  àThe€Chair€pointed€out€that€Mr.€Moser€had€suggested€aÏchange€to€the€Reporterððs€note€to€the€Terminology€provisions€onÏpage€œA„5.›€€The€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€remarked€that€she€remembered€the€concernÏof€the€Court€of€Appeals€about€the€use€of€the€words€ð ðshouldððÏand€ð ðshallðð€in€the€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct.€€When€theÏJudicial€Disabilities€Commission€Rules€were€transmitted€to€theÏCourt€of€Appeals,€the€Committee€transmitted€with€them€a€newÏPreamble€which€was€proposed€to€be€added€to€the€Code€ofÏJudicial€Conduct€to€clarify€the€issue€of€the€word€ð ðshouldðð€vs.Ïthe€word€ð ðshall.ðð€€The€Reporter€commented€that€the€Court€didÏnot€want€to€consider€the€proposed€clarification€in€theÐ -n(. ÐPreamble€without€having€looked€at€the€entire€Code€of€JudicialÏConduct,€so€the€Court€remanded€the€Preamble€to€the€Committee.€ÏThe€revision€of€the€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€is€based€on€theÏABA€Model€Code€of€Judicial€Ethics.€€Judge€Smith€added€that€Mr.ÏMoser€was€the€driving€force€behind€the€suggested€changes.€€Ìà  àThe€Chair€noted€that€Mr.€Moser€had€pointed€out€that€inÏsection€(B)€of€Canon€2€on€page€A„7,€in€the€second€sentence€theÏword€ð ðshouldðð€is€to€be€changed€to€the€word€ð ðshall.ðð€€TheÏCommittee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.Ìà  àTurning€to€section€(C)€of€Canon€2€on€page€A„9,€Mr.ÏHochberg€questioned€as€to€whether€the€word€ð ðinvidiousððÏdescribing€racial€discrimination€is€a€term€of€art.€€The€ChairÏresponded€that€the€use€of€this€word€prevents€situations€suchÏas€African„American€judges€being€accused€of€violating€Canon€¢2C£Ïbecause€they€belong€to€the€Monumental€Bar€Association.€€JudgeÏKaplan€remarked€that€there€is€legal€discrimination€and€thereÏis€illegal€discrimination.€€The€Chair€stated€that€ð ðinvidiousÏdiscriminationðð€is€an€important€term€with€a€specific€meaning,Ïand€it€should€not€be€taken€out.€€Judge€Smith€noted€that€thisÏterm€has€not€been€changed€from€the€current€Rules.€€ReferringÏto€the€language€of€the€Comment€at€the€top€of€page€œA„10,›€Mr.ÏBrault€observed€that€the€language€ð ðit€is€hardly€unlikelyððÏmeans€that€it€is€likely.€€The€Chair€suggested€that€the€wordÏð ðhardlyðð€be€deleted.€€Mr.€Bowen€said€that€it€could€read€ð ðit€isÐ -n(. Ðhighly€unlikely.ðð€€The€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€deleteÏthe€word€ð ðhardly.ðð€€Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€expressed€the€view€that€in€place€of€theÏlanguage€ð ðparticular€congregationðð€the€language€ð ðcertainÏorganizationðð€should€be€substituted.€€The€Reporter€noted€thatÏthe€word€ð ðcongregationðð€ties€into€the€religious€aspect€of€theÏorganization.€€The€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€the€examples€inÏthe€Comment€should€be€taken€out€altogether.€€The€ChairÏsuggested€that€the€language€could€read:€€ð ðCertainÏcongregational€brotherhoods€and€sisterhoods€may€well€beÏrestricted€to€persons€belonging€to€a€particular€congregation.ðð€Ï€Mr.€Brault€proposed€that€the€term€ð ðbowling€leaguesðð€should€beÏtaken€out.€€Judge€¢Cooksey£€said€that€the€point€was€thatÏreligious€congregations€and€certain€types€of€organizationsÏaffiliated€with€religious€congregations€could€be€viewed€asÏdiscriminatory.€€That€was€the€historical€point€of€giving€thatÏtype€of€example€which€is€inclusive€rather€than€exclusive.€€TheÏVice€Chair€commented€that€the€point€is€not€that€a€religiousÏorganization€is€òòperóó€òòseóó€discriminatory,€but€that€the€secondÐ T$¤$ Ðsentence€of€the€new€material€in€the€Comment€to€Canon€¢2C£€may€beÏconstrued€that€way.€€The€Chair€suggested€deleting€the€languageÏwhich€reads€ð ðbelonging€to€the€particular€congregation,ðð€butÏMr.€Bowen€expressed€the€view€that€this€would€broaden€theÏcategory€too€much.€€The€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€the€examplesÐ -n(. Ðcould€be€deleted.€€The€Reporter€pointed€out€that€this€languageÏis€in€the€current€Rule€now,€but€it€is€being€moved€to€anotherÏplace.Ìà  àJudge€¢Cooksey£€said€that€the€language€of€the€Comment€toÏCanon€¢2C£€had€been€enacted€with€great€difficulty.€€It€had€to€beÏpresented€to€the€entire€Judicial€Conference€on€two€occasionsÏover€a€period€of€years€by€the€Ethics€Committee.€€It€has€beenÏstudied€at€great€length,€and€is€recommended€by€the€ABA.€€TheÏcurrent€language€is€what€the€ABA€recommends€and€continues€toÏrecommend.€€€Judge€Adkins€suggested€that€the€language€shouldÏbe€retained,€except€the€word€ð ðhardlyðð€should€be€deleted€fromÏthe€second€sentence.€€The€Chair€stated€that€the€shadedÏlanguage€will€not€be€changed,€except€for€the€deletion€of€theÏword€ð ðhardly.ðð€€Mr.€Bowen€suggested€that€in€the€third€line,Ïthe€word€ð ðtheðð€should€be€changed€to€the€word€ð ða,ðð€so€that€theÏlanguage€would€read€ð ðbelonging€to€a€particular€congregation.ðð€€ÏThe€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.€€Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€inquired€as€to€why€some€of€the€language€isÏin€bold€type.€€Judge€¢Cooksey£€answered€that€these€are€definedÏterms.€€€The€Reporter€added€that€this€is€similar€to€theÏproducts€liability€form€interrogatories.€€The€ABA€uses€anÏasterisk,€but€it€is€clearer€to€bold€the€language€to€indicateÏthat€where€a€phrase€that€is€a€defined€term€begins€and€ends.Ìà  àTurning€to€Canon€3€on€page€œA„12,›€Mr.€Lemmey€pointed€outÐ -n(. Ðthat€in€Canon€¢3A£€(5),€the€current€language€includes€the€wordÏð ðfullðð€before€the€language€ð ðright€to€be€heard.ðð€€He€said€thatÏhe€was€not€sure€whether€the€Subcommittee€intended€to€deleteÏthe€word€ð ðfullðð€from€the€revised€draft.€€Without€the€wordÏð ðfull,ðð€the€language€is€weakened.€€The€Chair€responded€thatÏevery€òòproóó€òòseóó€litigant€whose€redundant€or€irrelevantÐ z Ê  Ðpresentation€is€shortened€by€a€judge€will€say€that€he€or€sheÏdid€not€receive€a€full€right€to€be€heard.€€€Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€in€section€(a)€of€Canon€¢3A£Ï(5),€the€word€ð ðwhereðð€should€be€changed€to€the€word€ð ðif.ðð€€TheÏCommittee€agreed€by€consensus€with€this€change.€€The€ViceÏChair€asked€what€the€word€ð ðpromptlyðð€in€subsection€(a)(ii)Ïmodifies€„„€making€the€provision€or€notifying€the€parties.€ÏThe€Committee€did€not€suggest€a€change€to€this€provision.Ìà  àJudge€Heller€questioned€as€to€why€subsection€(b)€of€CanonÏ¢3A£€(5)€is€limited€to€disinterested€experts€on€the€law€and€doesÏnot€pertain€to€other€experts.€€The€Reporter€replied€that€thisÏapplies€to€òòexóó€òòparteóó€matters€concerning€the€law.€€The€ChairÐ ’"â" Ðsaid€that€a€judge€can€discuss€the€law€òòexóó€òòparteóó€but€cannot€getÐ T$¤$ Ðinto€the€facts.Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€in€section€(d),€the€wordÏð ðmayðð€should€be€moved€so€that€it€is€before€the€word€ð ðconfer.ðð€ÏThe€beginning€language€of€section€(d)€would€read€as€follows:€Ïð ðA€judge,€with€the€consent€of€the€parties,€may€confer....ðð.€Ð -n(. ÐThe€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.€€The€ChairÏpointed€out€that€in€the€second€paragraph€of€the€Comment€afterÏsection€(f),€the€word€ð ðshallðð€should€be€changed€to€the€wordÏð ðmust,ðð€because€Mr.€Moser€had€recommended€that€the€commentsÏuse€the€word€ð ðmustðð€instead€of€ð ðshall.ðð€€The€Committee€agreedÏby€consensus€to€this€change.€€Ìà  àJudge€Vaughan€noted€that€in€the€third€paragraph€of€theÏComment€after€section€(f),€the€words€ð ðthe€partyðð€which€appearÏthe€second€time€should€be€moved,€so€that€the€language€wouldÏread€as€follows:€ð ð...€or€the€party€if€the€party€isÏunrepresented,€who€is€to€be€present...ðð.€€The€Chair€clarifiedÏthat€this€provision€means€that€if€the€party€is€represented,Ïnotice€is€given€to€the€attorney.€€The€Committee€agreed€byÏconsensus€to€this€change.Ìà  àMr.€Brault€pointed€out€that,€on€page€œA„15,›€the€seventhÏparagraph€of€the€Comment€after€section€(f)€appears€to€say€thatÏwhenever€a€court€asks€for€proposed€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law,€the€findings€can€be€submitted€without€aÏresponse€from€the€other€side.€€The€Vice€Chair€suggested€thatÏthe€language€could€be€ð ðA€judge€may€request€both€parties€toÏsubmit...ðð.€€Mr.€Brault€suggested€that€the€language€could€readÏas€follows:€€ð ðA€judge€may€request€one€party€to€submit...ðð.€ÏThe€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.òòÐ \+¬&, Ðà  àóóMr.€Bowen€commented€that€currently€there€is€a€free„Ð -n(. Ðstanding€rule€pertaining€to€nepotism€and€favoritism.€€He€askedÏwhy,€on€page€A„19,€the€Subcommittee€is€breaking€this€up€intoÏtwo€sentences.€€The€Vice€Chair€expressed€the€opinion€that€theÏsentence€about€nepotism€and€favoritism€makes€more€sense€as€theÏfirst€sentence.€€Mr.€Bowen€suggested€that€the€originalÏlanguage€be€retained.€€The€Vice€Chair€noted€that€the€lastÏsentence€of€Canon€¢3B£€(4)€pertains€only€to€appointees.€€TheÏChair€suggested€that€the€second€sentence€be€moved€to€Canon€¢3B£Ï(1)€so€that€it€would€read€as€follows:€€ð ðA€judge€shallÏdiligently€discharge€the€judgeððs€administrativeÏresponsibilities€without€bias,€prejudice,€nepotism,€orÏfavoritism€and€shall€cooperate€with€other€judges€and€courtÏofficials€in€the€administration€of€court€business.ðð€€€TheÏCommittee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.Ìà  àMr.€Bowen€suggested€that€in€Canon€¢3B£€(3),€on€page€A„19,Ïthe€word€ð ðassureðð€should€be€changed€to€the€word€ð ðensure.ðð€€TheÏCommittee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.Ìà  àTurning€to€Canon€¢3E£,€beginning€on€page€œA„26,›€the€ChairÏexplained€that€the€Subcommittee€had€discussed€this€veryÏthoroughly.€€The€question€is€if€this€provision€is€adequate.€ÏThere€are€situations€in€which€notification€of€the€JudicialÏDisabilities€Commission€is€required.€€The€Canon€provides€aÏchance€for€one€judge€to€take€appropriate€corrective€measuresÏshort€of€notifying€the€Judicial€Disabilities€Commission€whenÐ -n(. Ðthat€judge€notices€a€problem€with€another€judge.€€The€CommentÏexplains€the€kinds€of€measures€available.€€Judge€AdkinsÏpointed€out€that€the€provisions€concerning€judges€andÏattorneys€are€not€parallel.€€Mr.€Brault€noted€that€some€of€theÏlanguage€in€Canon€¢3E£€(2)€is€taken€directly€from€Rule€8.3€ofÏthe€Lawyersðð€Rules€of€Professional€Conduct.€€Judge€Adkins€saidÏthat€the€language€in€Canon€¢3E£€(1)€which€reads€ð ðfacts€known€toÏthat€judge€that€raise€a€substantial€question€as€to€anotherÏjudgeððs€fitness€for€office€where€corrective€measures€are€notÏappropriate,€or€if€attempted,€were€not€successfulðð€was€addedÏby€the€Subcommittee.€€When€a€judge€knows€of€another€judgeððsÏmisconduct,€the€first€judge€is€not€required€to€report€theÏmisconduct,€but€may€attempt€corrective€measures€first.€€If€aÏjudge€knows€of€an€attorneyððs€misconduct,€the€judge€should€goÏto€the€Attorney€Grievance€Commission.€Ìà  à€Mr.€Lemmey€remarked€that€there€may€be€a€problem€with€theÏconcept.€€A€judge€in€Maryland€is€by€definition€an€attorney,Ïand€a€colleague€judge€could€report€the€other€judge€to€theÏAttorney€Grievance€Commission.€€Mr.€Brault€responded€thatÏthere€is€a€difference€between€a€lawyerððs€honesty,Ïtrustworthiness,€or€fitness€as€a€lawyer€and€being€fit€forÏjudicial€office.€€The€distinction€should€remain.€€Mr.€HochbergÏasked€why€the€word€ð ðshouldðð€is€used€in€the€first€sentence€ofÏCanon€E(1)€instead€of€the€word€ð ðshall.ðð€€€The€Chair€answeredÐ -n(. Ðthat€the€word€of€choice€is€ð ðshould,ðð€because€the€judge€whoÏobserves€the€unprofessional€conduct€of€another€judge€canÏdecide€his€or€her€course€of€action,€while€a€judge€who€knows€ofÏfacts€that€raise€a€question€as€to€another€judgeððs€fitness€forÏoffice€shall€inform€the€Judicial€Disabilities€Commission.Ìà  àThe€Chair€drew€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€Canon€4,Ïbeginning€on€page€A„29.€€Judge€Adkins€noted€that€the€CommentÏto€Canon€¢4B£€on€page€A„30€is€inconsistent€with€the€text€whichÏprovides€that€the€judge€may€participate€in€non„legal€matters.€ÏThe€third€sentence€of€the€Comment€is€a€holdover€from€an€oldÏprovision€stating€that€a€judge€could€not€participate,€exceptÏin€certain€circumstances.€€The€Chair€said€that€expressingÏopposition€to€the€persecution€of€lawyers€and€judges€in€otherÏcountries€is€a€legal€or€political€matter.€€Judge€AdkinsÏpointed€out€that€if,€under€Canon€¢4B£,€a€judge€can€participateÏin€a€non„legal€matter,€the€third€sentence€of€the€Comment€isÏnot€needed.€€The€Comment€seems€limiting.€€The€Chair€remarkedÏthat€the€Comment€is€illustrative.€€It€is€from€the€ABA.€€€JudgeÏAdkins€observed€that€the€ABA€particularized€one€thing.€€€JudgeÏSmith€suggested€that€the€third€sentence€of€the€first€paragraphÏof€the€Comment€to€Canon€¢4B£€be€deleted.€€The€Committee€agreedÏby€consensus€to€this€suggestion.Ìà  àTurning€to€Canon€¢4C£€on€page€œA„31,›€Mr.€Bowen€asked€why€theÏword€ð ðjudiciaryðð€was€taken€out.€€His€view€was€that€it€was€theÐ -n(. Ðmost€important€item€listed,€and€it€should€not€have€beenÏdeleted.€€Mr.€Brault€suggested€that€the€word€ð ðjudiciaryðð€beÏput€back€in€Canon€¢4C£,€and€the€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€toÏthis€change.€Ìà  àThe€Reporter€said€that€in€his€second€memorandum,€Mr.ÏMoser€had€addressed€how€the€proposed€language€of€Canon€¢4C£€3Ï(a)€differs€from€the€parallel€ABA€provision.€€Judge€HellerÏnoted€that€the€Subcommittee€had€discussed€whether€it€isÏappropriate€for€judges€to€sit€on€hospital€boards.€€She€hadÏreflected€on€this€issue,€and€her€view€was€that€the€CanonÏshould€not€prohibit€judges€from€sitting€on€hospital€boards.€ÏJudge€Johnson€commented€that€some€hospitals€are€ð ðfor€profitððÏand€need€to€be€distinguished€from€the€ð ðnot€for€profitððÏhospitals.€€Mr.€Brault€remarked€that€he€did€not€know€of€manyÏð ðfor€profitðð€hospitals.€€The€Chair€pointed€out€that€the€issueÏis€the€publicððs€perception.€€Someone€may€sue€Johns€HopkinsÏHospital,€and€it€is€difficult€if€prominent€members€of€theÏjudiciary€are€on€the€board€of€directors€of€the€hospital.€ÏJudge€Heller€inquired€as€to€why€hospitals€are€being€singledÏout€of€all€the€possible€lists€of€organizations.€€The€ChairÏanswered€that€hospitals€are€the€organizations€most€often€beingÏsued.€€Judge€¢Cooksey£€observed€that€judges€should€not€putÏthemselves€in€the€position€of€having€to€recuse€themselvesÏfrequently.€€A€judge€who€frequently€hears€medical€malpracticeÐ -n(. Ðcases€probably€should€not€sit€on€the€board€of€a€hospital.€€€Ìà  àThe€Chair€noted€that€the€language€of€subsection€(a)(¢i£)€ofÏCanon€¢4C£€3€which€reads€ð ðwill€be€regularly€engaged€in€adversaryÏproceedings€in€any€courtðð€does€not€mean€that€the€organizationÏis€regularly€being€sued.€€Mr.€Bowen€pointed€out€that€the€addedÏlanguage€which€provides€that€a€judge€shall€not€participate€ð ðasÏa€memberðð€of€a€civic€or€charitable€organization€is€broaderÏthan€the€current€language.€€The€Vice€Chair€said€that€under€theÏABA€provision,€a€judge€could€sit€on€the€board€of€Johns€HopkinsÏHospital€if€the€judge€does€not€frequently€hear€cases€involvingÏthe€hospital.€€The€Chair€suggested€that€the€language€ofÏsubsection€(a)(¢i£)€could€read:€ð ðwill€regularly€initiateÏadversary€proceedings€in€any€court.ðð€€It€is€not€the€fault€ofÏthe€judge€who€is€on€the€board€of€an€organization€if€otherÏpeople€sue€the€organization.€€This€issue€was€discussed€whenÏthe€Attorney€Disciplinary€Rules€were€being€considered.Ìà  àJudge€Kaplan€commented€that€so€many€judges€sit€on€boardsÏthat€there€would€be€no€one€to€hear€the€cases€if€the€judgesÏhave€to€constantly€recuse€themselves.€€The€Chair€stated€thatÏthe€Subcommittee€recommended€the€language€because€of€theÏhistory.€€The€Ethics€Committee€had€been€concerned€about€thisÏand€wanted€to€have€the€same€kind€of€language.€€Judge€AdkinsÏnoted€that€the€ABA€language€of€subsection€(a)(ii)€is€ð ðdealsÏwith€people€who€are€referred€to€the€organization€by€the€courtÐ -n(. Ðon€which€the€judge€serves€or€who€otherwise€may€likely€comeÏbefore€that€court.ðð€€€Judge€¢Cooksey£€expressed€the€opinion€thatÏthe€ABA€language€is€clearer.€€Judge€Adkins€suggested€that€theÏword€ð ðfrequentlyðð€could€be€substituted€for€the€wordÏð ðregularly.ðð€€Mr.€Brault€added€that€the€word€ð ðfrequentlyðð€hasÏa€legislative€history€in€the€ABA.€€The€word€was€chosen€withÏthe€express€purpose€of€narrowing€it€down.€€€€Ms.€SmearmanÏobserved€that€the€ABA€does€not€prohibit€a€judge€fromÏparticipating€as€a€member.€€Mr.€Brault€remarked€that€serviceÏby€judges€as€trustees€of€non„profit€hospitals€is€a€recurringÏproblem.€€The€ABAððs€view€is€that€this€is€not€prohibited,€butÏit€requires€caution.Ìà  àThe€Chair€said€that€organizations€such€as€the€Womenððs€LawÏCenter€would€not€be€affected€by€Canon€¢4C£€(3)(a),€but€it€mayÏaffect€the€House€of€Ruth.€€Judge€¢Cooksey£€commented€that€it€isÏa€tremendous€risk€for€a€judge€to€be€on€the€board€of€aÏhospital.€€€Mr.€Brault€questioned€whether€there€have€been€anyÏrulings€from€the€Ethics€Committee€as€to€judges€serving€onÏhospital€boards.€€€€Judge€¢Cooksey£€responded€that€there€haveÏnot€been€any€rulings€on€this.Ìà  àJudge€Kaplan€moved€to€adopt€the€language€recommended€byÏthe€Subcommittee.€€The€motion€was€seconded,€and€it€carriedÏwith€seven€in€favor,€three€opposed,€and€one€abstention.Ìà  àMr.€Bowen€pointed€out€that€on€page€A„35€in€Canon€¢4C£Ð -n(. Ð(3)(c),€at€the€end€of€subsection€(iii),€the€word€ð ðandðð€shouldÏbe€added,€and€at€the€beginning€of€subsection€(iv),€the€wordÏð ðshallðð€should€be€added.€€The€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€toÏthese€changes.Ìà  àTurning€to€Canon€¢4D£€that€begins€on€page€A„37,€the€ViceÏChair€commented€that€she€does€not€like€the€Comments€beingÏplaced€in€the€middle€of€the€Rules.€€The€Reporter€said€that€theÏclean€copy€of€the€Rules€is€easier€to€read.€€Mr.€BowenÏsuggested€that€on€page€A„41€in€subsection€(3)(b)€of€Canon€¢4D£,Ïthe€language€which€reads€ð ðfamily€member€of€a€judge€residing€inÏthe€judgeððs€householdðð€and€in€the€Comment€after€subsectionÏ(3)(d),€the€language€which€reads€ð ðmember€of€the€judgeððs€familyÏliving€in€the€judgeððs€householdðð€should€be€bolded€to€indicateÏthe€language€is€defined€in€the€Terminology€section.€€TheÏCommittee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€suggestion.€€Ìà  àThe€Reporter€pointed€out€that€Mr.€Moser€had€suggested€theÏdeletion€of€the€following€language€in€Canon€¢4E£€(1)€on€page€œA„¼44:›€€ð ðexecutor,€administrator,€or€other€personalÏrepresentative,€trustee,€guardian,€attorney€in€fact,€or€otherððÏwhich€would€leave€only€the€word€ð ðfiduciaryðð€in€the€Rule.€€TheÏlanguage€can€be€deleted€because€ð ðfiduciaryðð€is€a€defined€term.€ÏThe€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€to€make€this€change.€Ìà  àJudge€Adkins€remarked€that€the€Committee€note€to€Canon€¢4E£Ïhas€some€confusing€language.€€She€suggested€that€in€the€thirdÐ -n(. Ðsentence€of€the€note€the€language€ð ðin€any€other€proceedingððÏshould€be€added€after€the€word€ð ðimpartiality.ðð€€The€ReporterÏsaid€that€this€sentence€had€been€added€by€the€Subcommittee.€ÏThe€Chair€suggested€that€language€could€be€added€explainingÏthat€there€is€a€recusal€requirement.€€The€Reporter€suggestedÏthat€the€sentence€is€not€necessary€and€could€be€deleted.€€TheÏCommittee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€suggestion.Ìà  à€The€Chair€drew€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€Canon€¢4F£€onÏpage€A„46.€€Judge€Vaughan€asked€how€this€relates€to€retiredÏjudges.€€Mr.€Brault€answered€that€Canon€¢6C£€provides€that€CanonÏ¢4F£€does€not€apply€to€retired€judges.€€€Ìà  àThere€was€no€discussion€of€Canon€¢4G£.€€Turning€to€Canon€¢4H£Ïthat€begins€on€page€œñmñA„ñmñ48,›€the€Chair€commented€that€when€theÏCourt€of€Appeals€was€considering€the€Judicial€DisabilitiesÏCommission€Rules,€the€judges€had€expressed€some€concern€aboutÏhonoraria.€€Judge€¢Cooksey£€noted€that€the€language€of€theÏComment€to€Canon€¢4H£€seems€to€conflict€with€State€law€whichÏprovides€that€a€judge€can€accept€certain€limited€honoraria€butÏno€other€compensation.€€The€Vice€Chair€inquired€as€to€why€theÏComment€is€being€proposed.€€The€Chair€said€that€theÏlegislature€passes€many€laws€pertaining€to€judges,€but€it€didÏnot€consider€whether€there€is€a€judicial€right€to€reasonableÏreimbursement.€Ìà  àThe€Chair€asked€how€Canon€¢4H£€violates€the€State€law.€€€Ð -n(. ÐJudge€¢Cooksey£€answered€that€the€definition€of€ð ðhonorariaðð€isÏin€conflict.€€The€Chair€suggested€that€the€Comment€could€beÏmoved.€€The€Rule€does€not€refer€to€the€term€ð ðhonoraria;ðð€onlyÏthe€Comment€refers€to€it.€€Mr.€Lemmey€pointed€out€that€theÏState€Ethics€Law€requirement€that€judges€have€to€reportÏpayments€puts€the€judges€in€a€bad€position.€€If€they€reportÏthe€payments,€they€could€get€in€trouble€for€violating€theÏEthics€Law.€€Mr.€Brault€observed€that€a€judge€is€subject€toÏthe€State€Ethics€Law.Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€the€¢tagline£€to€Canon€¢4H£Ïshould€be€changed€to:€ð ðCompensation€and€Reimbursement.ðð€€TheÏCommittee€agreed€by€consensus€to€this€change.€€Judge€SmithÏasked€about€judges€teaching€bar€review€courses,€travelingÏaround€the€country€as€part€of€the€faculty.€€Judge€VaughanÏnoted€that€this€is€different€than€making€a€speech.€€JudgeÏHeller€suggested€that€Canon€¢4H£€be€left€as€it€is,€but€subjectÏto€the€provisions€of€the€State€Ethics€Law.€€€The€Vice€ChairÏexpressed€the€view€that€it€would€be€helpful€to€know€more€aboutÏthe€State€Ethics€Law.€€Mr.€Bowen€remarked€that€the€RuleÏprovides€that€extra„judicial€activities€are€permitted€by€thisÏCode.€€He€suggested€that€the€Rule€could€list€which€activitiesÏare€permitted.€€The€Chair€stated€that€the€Comment€will€tieÏinto€the€relevant€portion€of€the€Ethics€Law.€€Ìà  àAfter€the€lunch€break,€the€Chair€said€that€he€wanted€toÐ -n(. Ðthank€the€consultants€who€had€helped€with€the€Judicial€EthicsÏRules.€€They€included:€€Judges€¢Cooksey£€and€Adkins,€ClaireÏSmearman,€Esq.,€and€M.€Peter€Moser,€Esq.€€The€Vice€ChairÏcommented€that€the€Ethics€Committee€can€change€the€RulesÏbefore€they€are€sent€to€the€Court.€€The€Chair€said€that€ifÏmembers€of€the€Rules€Committee€are€not€in€agreement€with€theÏchanges€made€by€the€Ethics€Committee,€the€Rules€CommitteeÏmembers€will€have€the€opportunity€to€speak€to€the€changes.€ÏThe€proposal€for€revision€that€is€sent€to€the€Court€of€AppealsÏwill€come€from€the€Ethics€Committee.€€Judge€Johnson€expressedÏthe€concern€that€if€the€Rules€Committee€is€recommending€thatÏthe€State€Ethics€Law€be€trumped,€that€decision€should€not€beÏmade€at€a€meeting€with€neither€of€the€legislators€present.€ÏThe€Chair€noted€that€the€reference€to€ð ðhonorariaðð€in€theÏComment€has€been€deleted.€€Ìà  àThe€Chair€drew€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€Canon€5,Ïbeginning€on€page€ñnñA„ñnñ52.€€€Mr.€Bowen€observed€that€the€languageÏin€Canon€¢5C£€on€page€ñoñA„ñoñ54€which€reads€ð ðwhen€a€newly€appointedÏjudge€to€that€court€becomes€a€ððcandidateðð€in€the€same€generalÏelectionðð€is€not€clear.€€The€Vice€Chair€said€that€this€meansÏthat€everyone€becomes€a€candidate€at€that€time.€€The€ChairÏsuggested€that€the€second€sentence€could€end€after€the€wordÏð ðretention.ðð€€Mr.€Lemmey€pointed€out€that€if€the€phrase€at€theÏend€of€the€second€sentence€is€eliminated,€the€newly€appointedÐ -n(. Ðjudge€can€begin€campaigning€the€day€he€or€she€is€appointed,Ïbut€his€or€her€colleague€will€have€to€wait€until€two€yearsÏbefore€the€election.€€Judge€Heller€asked€if€a€newly€appointedÏjudge€becomes€a€candidate€more€than€two€years€after€theÏjudgeððs€appointment.€€Mr.€Brault€said€that€he€was€not€sure€theÏwording€was€correct.€€An€incumbent€judge€may€have€14€yearsÏleft€on€his€or€her€term.€€Mr.€Lemmey€explained€that€thisÏpertains€to€the€same€general€election.€€The€Reporter€inquiredÏas€to€whether€the€last€phrase€of€the€second€sentence€is€to€beÏdeleted.€€There€was€no€motion€to€change€Canon€¢5C£.Ìà  àThe€Chair€drew€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€Canon€¢5D£€onÏpage€ñpñA„ñpñ55.€€Judge€Vaughan€asked€if€a€lawyer€who€files€for€aÏjudicial€position€but€is€unsuccessful€is€precluded€fromÏjudicial€discipline.€€The€Chair€answered€that€he€thoughñtñtñtñ€thatÏ¢that£€was€the€case.€€The€Chair€pointed€out€that€on€page€ñqñA„ñqñ56,ÏMr.€Moser€suggested€a€change€to€the€Reporterððs€Note.Ìà  àThe€Chair€drew€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€Canon€6€thatÏbegins€on€page€ñrñA„ñrñ57.€€He€noted€that€Mr.€Moser,€in€his€letterÏof€October€16,€had€suggested€a€change€to€Canon€¢6D£,€so€that€itÏwould€read€as€follows:€ñuñ€ñuñð ðA€person€to€whom€this€Code€becomesÏapplicable€shall€comply€immediately€with€all€provisions€ofÏthis€Code€except€Canons€¢2C£,€¢4D£€(2)€and€¢4E£,€shall€comply€withÏthese€sections€as€soon€as€reasonably€possible,€and€shall€do€soÏin€any€event€as€to€Canon€¢2C£€within€two€years€and€as€to€CanonsÐ -n(. Т4D£(2)€and€¢4E£€within€one€year.ðð€€€The€Committee€agreed€byÏconsensus€to€this€change.Ìà  àThe€Vice€Chair€pointed€out€the€use€of€the€word€ð ðshallðð€inÏCanon€¢6D£.€€She€asked€if€it€is€possible€that€there€is€aÏviolation€of€a€rule€worded€as€mandatory€by€using€the€wordÏð ðshall,ðð€but€the€violation€is€not€the€subject€of€a€proceedingÏby€the€Judicial€Disabilities€Commission.€€The€Chair€answeredÏthat€under€the€definition€of€ð ðsanctionable€conductðð€in€RuleÏ16„803,€a€violation€of€a€ð ðshallðð€rule€does€not€automaticallyÏresult€in€proceedings.Ìà  àThe€Chair€drew€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€Canon€7Ïbeginning€on€page€ñsñA„ñsñ59.€€There€was€no€discussion€of€Canon€7.€€Ìà  àThe€Chair€said€that€with€respect€to€Canon€¢4H£,€theÏCommittee€had€decided€to€leave€the€text€as€it€appears€in€theÏpackage€of€Rulesñvñ,ñvñ€but€add€a€reference€to€the€State€Ethics€LawÏto€the€Comment.€€Mr.€Bowen€asked€when€Canon€¢4H£€would€beÏstyled.€€The€Chair€replied€that€the€Court€of€Appeals€has€askedÏthat€the€Judicial€Ethics€Rules€be€styled€before€they€go€to€theÏEthics€Committee.€€Ms.€¢Veronis£€remarked€that€the€next€meetingÏof€the€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€will€be€on€December€7òòthóó,€andÐ &f!& Ðthe€Rules€are€on€the€agenda€of€that€meeting.€€The€ChairÏcommented€that€the€current€language€of€the€Comment€may€cause€aÏproblem.€€Mr.€Lemmey€noted€that€it€is€preferable€to€rewriteÏthe€Comment€while€looking€at€the€State€Ethics€Law.€€The€ChairÐ -n(. Ðquestioned€whether€the€entire€Rule€should€be€redrafted.€€JudgeÏKaplan€observed€that€compensation€of€judges,€includingÏteaching€in€law€schools€and€being€compensated€and€reimbursed,Ïhas€never€been€a€problem.€€If€the€reference€to€ð ðhonorariaðð€isÏremoved€from€the€Comment,€it€would€read€more€clearly€andÏcorrectly.€€Mr.€Bowen€added€that€the€Rule€is€correctlyÏwritten,€since€there€are€no€references€to€ð ðhonoraria.ðð€€TheÏproblem€is€with€the€Comment,€and€it€can€be€cured€by€taking€outÏthe€reference€to€ð ðhonoraria.ðð€€Mr.€Bowen€moved€to€keep€theÏRule€as€it€appears€and€change€the€Comment€by€referring€to€theÏrelevant€section€of€the€State€Ethics€Law.€€The€motion€wasÏseconded,€and€it€carried€with€one€opposed.€€The€Chair€statedÏthat€the€Style€Subcommittee€will€rewrite€the€Comment.Ìà  àThe€Chair€adjourned€the€meeting.ÌÐ  Lœ ÐØ%ØÓÓÑ€ Ñà@U U ìàMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆÌÌà@( ( ìàTITLE€16€„€COURTS,€JUDGES,€AND€ATTORNEYSˆÌÌà@U U ìàCHAPTER€800€„€MISCELLANEOUSˆÌÌÌà  àAMEND€Rule€16„813,€as€follows:ÌÌÌRule€16-813.€€MARYLAND€CODE€OF€JUDICIAL€CONDUCT€ÌÌÌà@øø&ìàû€€€(ûPreambleü€€€(üˆÌÌÌÔ‡ X§pXX X§pÔÓÓà  àû€€€(ûOur€legal€system€is€based€on€the€principle€that€anÐ À Ðindependent,€fair,€and€competent€judiciary€will€interpret€andÏapply€the€laws€that€govern€us.€€The€role€of€the€judiciary€isÏcentral€to€American€concepts€of€justice€and€the€rule€of€law.€ÏIntrinsic€to€all€sections€of€this€Code€are€the€precepts€thatÏjudges,€individually€and€collectively,€must€respect€and€honorÏthe€judicial€office€as€a€public€trust€and€strive€to€enhanceÏand€maintain€confidence€in€our€legal€system.€€The€judge€is€anÏarbiter€of€facts€and€law€for€the€resolution€of€disputes€and€aÏhighly€visible€symbol€of€government€under€the€rule€of€law.Ìà  àThe€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€consists€of€broad€statementsÏcalled€Canons,€and€Comments.€€The€text€of€the€Canons€isÏauthoritative.€€The€Comments,€by€explanation€and€example,Ïprovide€guidance€with€respect€to€the€purpose€and€meaning€ofÏthe€Canons.€The€Comments€are€not€intended€as€a€statement€ofÏadditional€rules.Ð -n(. Ðà  àIt€is€not€intended€that€every€transgression€of€the€CodeÏwill€result€in€disciplinary€action.€€Whether€disciplinaryÏaction€is€appropriate,€and€the€degree€of€discipline€to€beÏimposed,€should€be€determined€through€a€reasonable€andÏreasoned€application€of€the€text€and€should€depend€on€suchÏfactors€as€the€seriousness€of€the€transgression,€whether€thereÏis€a€pattern€of€improper€activity,€and€the€effect€of€theÏimproper€activity€on€others€or€on€the€judicial€system.Ìà  àThe€Canons€are€rules€of€reason.€€They€should€be€appliedÏin€the€context€of€all€relevant€circumstances€and€in€a€mannerÏthat€is€consistent€with€constitutional€requirements,€statutes,Ïother€court€rules,€and€decisional€law.€€The€Code€is€to€beÏconstrued€so€as€not€to€impinge€on€the€essential€independenceÏof€judges€in€making€judicial€decisions.Ìà  àThe€Code€is€designed€to€provide€guidance€to€judges€andÏcandidates€for€judicial€office€and€to€provide€a€structure€forÏregulating€conduct€through€disciplinary€agencies.€€It€is€notÏdesigned€or€intended€as€a€basis€for€civil€liability€orÏcriminal€prosecution.€€The€purpose€of€the€Code€would€beÏsubverted€if€the€Code€were€invoked€for€mere€tactical€advantageÏin€a€proceeding.Ìà  àThe€Code€is€intended€to€state€basic€standards€for€theÏconduct€of€all€judges€and€to€provide€guidance€in€establishingÏand€maintaining€high€standards€of€judicial€and€personalÐ -n(. Ðconduct.Ô#† X§pXX X§pAË#Ôü€€€(üÐ ° ÐÐ  r Ðà@==%ìàû€€€(ûTerminologyü€€€(üˆÌÌÓÓà  àû€€€(ûòòTerms€explained€below€are€noted€in€boldface€type€in€theÐ 4„ ÐCanons€and€Comments€where€they€appear.€€In€addition,€theÏCanons€where€terms€appear€are€referred€to€after€theÏexplanation€of€each€term€below.óóü€€€(üÐ þ N ÐÌÌÓÓ€€û€€€(û(a)€€Significant€Financial€Interestü€€€(üÌà  à€€û€€€(ûð ðSignificant€financial€interestðð€means€(1)€ownership€ofÏan€interest€as€the€result€of€which€the€owner€has€receivedÏwithin€the€past€three€years,€is€currently€receiving,€or€in€theÏfuture€is€entitled€to€receive,€more€than€$1,000€per€year;€orÏ(2)(¢i£)€ownership€of€more€than€3%€of€a€business€entity;€or€(ii)Ïownership€of€securities€of€any€kind€that€represent,€or€areÏconvertible€into,€ownership€of€more€than€3%€of€a€businessÏentity.€€However,€the€following€exceptions€apply:ü€€€(üÌ€€€€û€€€(û(1)€ownership€of€an€interest€in€a€mutual€or€commonÏinvestment€fund€that€holds€securities€is€not€an€economicÏinterest€in€such€securities€unless€the€judge€participates€inÏthe€management€of€the€fund€or€a€proceeding€pending€orÏimpending€before€the€judge€could€substantially€affect€theÏvalue€of€the€interest;ü€€€(üÌ€€€€û€€€(û(2)€service€by€a€judge€as€an€officer,€director,€advisor,Ïor€other€active€participant€in€an€educational,€religious,Ïcharitable,€fraternal,€or€civic€organization,€or€service€by€aÏjudgeððs€spouse,€parent,€or€child€as€an€officer,€director,Ð R-¢(. Ðadvisor,€or€other€active€participant€in€any€organization€doesÏnot€create€an€economic€interest€in€securities€held€by€thatÏorganization;ü€€€(üÌ€€€€û€€€(û(3)€a€deposit€in€a€financial€institution,€the€proprietaryÏinterest€of€a€policy€holder€in€a€mutual€insurance€company,€ofÏa€depositor€in€a€mutual€savings€association€or€of€a€member€inÏa€credit€union,€or€a€similar€propriety€interest,€is€not€anÏeconomic€interest€in€the€organization€unless€a€proceedingÏpending€or€impending€before€the€judge€could€substantiallyÏaffect€the€value€of€the€interest;€orü€€€(üÌ€€€€û€€€(û(4)€ownership€of€government€securities€is€not€an€economicÏinterest€in€the€issuer€unless€a€proceeding€pending€orÏimpending€before€the€judge€could€substantially€affect€theÏvalue€of€the€securities.€€See€Canons€¢3C£€(1)(c),€¢3C£Ï(1)(d)(iii),€and€¢3C£€(2).ü€€€(üÌ€€û€€€(û(b)€€Fiduciaryü€€€(üÌà  à€€û€€€(ûð ðFiduciaryðð€includes€such€relationships€as€executor,Ïadministrator,€trustee,€and€guardian.€€See€Canon€¢3C£€(2).ü€€€(üÌ€€û€€€(û(c)€€Knowingly,€Knowledge,€Known,€or€Knowsü€€€(üÌà  à€€û€€€(ûð ðKnowingly,€knowledge,€known,€or€knowsðð€means€actualÏknowledge€of€the€fact€in€question.€€A€personððs€knowledge€mayÏbe€inferred€from€circumstances.€€See€Canons€3D,€¢3E£,€and€¢5A£Ï(3).ü€€€(üÌ€€û€€€(û(d)€€Lawü€€€(üÐ -n(. Ðà  à€€û€€€(ûð ðLawðð€means€court€rules€as€well€as€statutes,Ïconstitutional€provisions,€and€decisional€law.€€See€Canons€¢2A£,Ï¢3A£(1),€¢3A£€(5),€¢3B£€(6),€¢4B£,€¢4C£,€¢4D£€(5),€¢4F£,€¢4G£,€¢5B£,€and€¢5C£.ü€€€(üÌ€€û€€€(û(e)€€Member€of€the€Judgeððs€Family€Residing€in€the€JudgeððsÏHouseholdü€€€(üÌà  à€€û€€€(ûð ðMember€of€the€Judgeððs€Family€Residing€in€the€JudgeððsÏHouseholdðð€means€any€relative€of€a€judge€by€blood€or€marriage,Ïor€a€person€treated€by€a€judge€as€a€member€of€the€judgeððsÏfamily,€who€resides€in€the€judgeððs€household.€€See€Canon€¢4D£Ï(3).ü€€€(üÌ€€û€€€(û(f)€€Political€Organizationü€€€(üÌà  à€€û€€€(ûð ðPolitical€organizationðð€means€a€political€party€orÏother€group,€the€principal€purpose€of€which€is€to€further€theÏelection€or€appointment€of€candidates€to€political€office.€ÏSee€Canons€¢5B£€(1)€and€¢5B£€(2).ü€€€(üÌ€€û€€€(û(g)€€Requireü€€€(üÌà  à€€û€€€(ûThe€rules€prescribing€that€a€judge€ð ðrequireðð€certainÏconduct€of€others€are,€like€all€of€the€rules€in€this€Code,Ïrules€of€reason.€€The€use€of€the€term€ð ðrequireðð€in€thatÏcontext€means€a€judge€is€to€exercise€reasonable€direction€andÏcontrol€over€the€conduct€of€those€persons€subject€to€theÏjudgeððs€discretion€and€control.€€See€Canons€¢3A£€(3),€¢3A£€(4),€¢3A£Ï(6),€¢3A£€(10)€and€¢3B£€(2).ü€€€(üÌ€€û€€€(û(h)€€Third€Degree€of€Relationshipü€€€(üÐ -n(. Ðà  à€€û€€€(ûð ðThird€degree€of€relationshipðð€means€the€followingÏpersons:€€great„grandparent,€grandparent,€parent,€uncle,€aunt,Ïbrother,€sister,€child,€grandchild,€great„grandchild,€nephew,Ïor€niece.€€See€Canon€¢3C£€(1)(d).ü€€€(üÌÌÓÓà@CC#ìàòòREPORTERððS€NOTEóóˆÐ z Ê  ÐÌà  àThe€definitions€in€the€Terminology€section€are€new€andÏare€substantially€the€same€as€the€definitions€in€the€ABAÏTerminology€section.ÌÌÐ  À Ðà@77'ìàCANON€1ˆÌÌÌà@m m ìàIntegrity€and€Independence€of€the€JudiciaryˆÌÌÌÌà  àAn€independent€and€honorable€judiciary€is€indispensableÏto€justice€in€our€society.€€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€observe€highÐ ¸  Ðstandards€of€conduct€so€that€the€integrity€and€independence€ofÏthe€judiciary€ò òmayó ó€û€€€(ûwillü€€€(ü€be€preserved.€€The€provisions€of€thisÐ z Ê  ÐCode€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûare€toü€€€(ü€be€construed€and€applied€to€further€thatÐ [«  Ðobjective.ÌÌ€€à@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÐ þN  ÐÌà  àû€€€(ûDeference€to€the€judgments€and€rulings€of€courts€dependsÏupon€public€confidence€in€the€integrity€and€independence€ofÏjudges.€€The€integrity€and€independence€of€judges€depends€inÏturn€upon€their€acting€without€fear€or€favor.€€Although€judgesÏshould€be€independent,€they€must€comply€with€the€law,Ïincluding€the€provisions€of€this€Code.€€Public€confidence€inÏthe€impartiality€of€the€judiciary€is€maintained€by€theÏadherence€of€each€judge€to€this€responsibility.€€Conversely,Ïviolation€of€this€Code€diminishes€public€confidence€in€theÏjudiciary€and€thereby€does€injury€to€the€system€of€governmentÏunder€law.ü€€€(üÌÌÌCommittee€note.„„€The€American€Bar€Association€Model€Code€ofÏJudicial€Conduct€("ABA€Code")€states€that€a€judge€shouldÏ"participate€in€establishing,€maintaining,€and€enforcing,€andÏshould€himself"€observeò ò,ó ó€high€standards€of€conduct€so€that€theÐ Ð   Ðintegrity€and€independence€of€the€judiciary€may€be€preserved.€ÏThe€Committee€believes€that€even€though€desirable,€a€judgeÏshould€not€be€obligated€to€participate€in€"establishing"Ïstandards€of€conduct.€€"Maintaining"€and€"enforcing"€highÏstandards€of€conduct€are€dealt€with€in€Canon€ò ò¢3B£ó ó€û€€€(û¢3A£ü€€€(ü€(3).Ð 5%… % ÐÌÌÌà@CC#ìàòòREPORTERððS€NOTEóóˆÐ ¹( $) ÐÌà  àThe€language€of€Canon€1€is€substantially€the€same€as€theÏcurrent€Rule,€except€that€the€language€has€been€reworded€to€beÏmandatory€rather€than€permissive.€€This€is€derived€from€CanonÏ1€of€the€ABA€Code.€€The€Comment€is€new€and€is€substantiallyÐ -n(. Ðthe€same€as€the€parallel€ABA€Commentary.ÌÌÌÐ  S£ Ðà@77'ìàCANON€2ˆÌÌÌà@Ãà ìàAvoidance€of€Impropriety€and€the€Appearance€of€ImproprietyˆÌÌÌÌÓÓA.€€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€behave€with€propriety€and€ò òshouldó óÐ × ' Ðû€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€avoid€even€the€appearance€of€impropriety.€€A€judgeÏò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€respect€and€comply€with€the€ò òlawó ó€and€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(üÐ [«  Ðact€at€all€times€in€a€manner€that€promotes€public€confidenceÏin€the€integrity€and€impartiality€of€the€judiciary.€€ò òTheÐ ùI  Ðpersonal€behavior€of€a€judge€in€both€the€performance€ofÏjudicial€duties,€and€in€everyday€life,€should€be€beyondÏreproach.ó óÐ ? ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûPublic€confidence€in€the€judiciary€is€eroded€byÏirresponsible€or€improper€conduct€by€judges.€A€judge€mustÏexpect€to€be€the€subject€of€constant€public€scrutiny.€A€judgeÏmust€therefore€accept€restrictions€on€his€or€her€conduct€thatÏmight€be€viewed€as€burdensome€by€the€ordinary€citizen€andÏshould€do€so€freely€and€willingly.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûThe€prohibition€against€behaving€with€impropriety€or€theÏappearance€of€impropriety€applies€to€both€the€professional€andÏpersonal€conduct€of€a€judge.€€Because€it€is€not€practicable€toÏlist€all€prohibited€acts,€the€proscription€is€necessarily€castÏin€general€terms€that€extend€to€conduct€by€judges€that€isÏharmful€although€not€specifically€mentioned€in€the€Code.€ÏActual€improprieties€under€this€standard€include€violations€ofÏlaw,€court€rules€or€other€specific€provisions€of€this€Code.€ÏThe€test€for€appearance€of€impropriety€is€whether€the€conductÏwould€create€in€reasonable€minds€a€perception€that€the€judgeððsÏability€to€carry€out€judicial€responsibilities€with€integrity,Ïimpartiality€and€competence€is€impaired.€€See€also€the€CommentÏto€Canon€¢2C£.ü€€€(üÌà  àÌÓÓB.€€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€allow€judicial€conduct€to€beÐ 8-ˆ(. Ðimproperly€influenced€by€family,€social,€û€€€(ûpolitical,ü€€€(ü€or€otherÏrelationships.€€A€judge€should€not€use€the€prestige€ofÏjudicial€office€to€advance€the€private€interests€of€û€€€(ûthe€judgeÏorü€€€(ü€others;€nor€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€a€judge€convey€or€permit€others€toÐ ö F Ðconvey€the€impression€that€they€are€in€a€special€position€toÏinfluence€judicial€conduct.€€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€testifyÐ z Ê  Ðvoluntarily€as€a€character€witness.Ìà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÓÓà  àò òPublic€confidence€in€the€judiciary€is€eroded€byÐ À Ðirresponsible€or€improper€conduct€by€judges.€€A€judge€mustÏexpect€to€be€the€subject€of€constant€public€scrutiny.€€A€judgeÏmust€therefore€accept€restrictions€on€his€or€her€conduct€thatÏmight€be€viewed€as€burdensome€by€the€ordinary€citizen€andÏshould€do€so€freely€and€willingly.ó óÐ %u ЀÌà  àò òThe€testimony€of€a€judge€as€a€character€witness€injectsÐ ç7 Ðthe€prestige€of€judicial€office€into€the€proceeding€in€which€aÏjudge€testifies€and€may€be€misunderstood€to€be€an€officialÏtestimonial.€This€Canon,€however,€does€not€afford€a€judge€theÏprivilege€against€testifying€in€response€to€an€officialÏsummons.ó óÐ Lœ ÐÌà  àû€€€(ûMaintaining€the€prestige€of€judicial€office€is€essentialÏto€a€system€of€government€in€which€the€judiciary€functionsÏindependently€of€the€executive€and€legislative€branches.€ÏRespect€for€the€judicial€office€facilitates€the€orderlyÏconduct€of€legitimate€judicial€functions.€€Judges€shouldÏdistinguish€between€proper€and€improper€use€of€the€prestige€ofÏoffice€in€all€of€their€activities.€€For€example,€it€would€beÏimproper€for€a€judge€to€allude€to€his€or€her€judgeship€to€gainÏa€personal€advantage€such€as€deferential€treatment€whenÏstopped€by€a€police€officer€for€a€traffic€offense.€€Similarly,Ïjudicial€letterhead€must€not€be€used€for€conducting€a€judgeððsÏpersonal€business.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€must€avoid€lending€the€prestige€of€judicialÏoffice€for€the€advancement€of€the€private€interests€of€others.€ÏFor€example,€a€judge€must€not€use€the€judgeððs€judicialÏposition€to€gain€advantage€in€a€civil€suit€involving€a€memberÐ -n(. Ðof€the€judgeððs€family.€€In€contracts€for€publication€of€aÏjudgeððs€writings,€a€judge€should€retain€control€over€theÏadvertising€to€avoid€exploitation€of€the€judgeððs€office.€€AsÏto€the€acceptance€of€awards,€see€Canon€¢4D£€3(b)€and€Comment.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûAlthough€a€judge€should€be€sensitive€to€possible€abuse€ofÏthe€prestige€of€office,€a€judge€may,€based€on€the€judgeððsÏpersonal€knowledge,€serve€as€a€reference€or€provide€a€letterÏof€recommendation.€€However,€a€judge€must€not€initiate€theÏcommunication€of€information€to€a€sentencing€judge€or€aÏprobation€or€corrections€officer€but€may€provide€to€suchÏpersons€information€for€the€record€in€response€to€a€formalÏrequest.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûJudges€may€participate€in€the€process€of€judicialÏselection€by€cooperating€with€appointing€authorities€andÏscreening€committees€seeking€names€for€consideration.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€must€not€testify€voluntarily€as€a€characterÏwitness€because€to€do€so€may€lend€the€prestige€of€the€judicialÏoffice€in€support€of€the€party€for€whom€the€judge€testifies.€ÏA€judge€may,€however,€testify€when€properly€summoned.ü€€€(üÌÌCommittee€note.„€The€first€and€third€sentences€of€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(üÐ ç7 Т2A£€are€derived€from€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€IV.€ABA€Canon€2Ð È Ðrelegates€the€first€sentence€of€ò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2A£€to€ò òCommentaryó óÐ ©ù Ðû€€€(ûthe€Commentü€€€(ü;€but€the€Committee€believes€that€it€isÏsufficiently€important€to€retain€its€status€as€part€of€theÏCanon.€€The€second€sentence€of€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2A£€is€derived€fromÐ Lœ ÐABA€Canon€¢2A£.ÌÌà  àThe€first€sentence€and€the€second€clause€of€the€secondÏsentence€of€ò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2B£€are€derived€from€ABA€Canon€¢2B£€andÐ Ð   Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€¢XXXII£.€€The€first€clause€of€theÐ ±!! Ðsecond€sentence€of€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2B£€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€¢2B£Ð ’"â" Ðand€prohibits€a€judge€from€advancing€the€"private€interests"Ïof€others,€while€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€9€ò òappliesó óÐ T$¤$ Ðû€€€(ûappliedü€€€(ü€the€prohibition€only€to€"private€business€interests"Ïof€others,€which€is€somewhat€narrower€in€scope.€€The€broaderÏprohibitory€language€in€the€ABA€Canon€is€not€meant€to€precludeÏa€judge€from€writing€a€letter€of€recommendation€or€the€likeÏunder€appropriate€circumstances,€as€discussed€in€Md.€JudicialÏEthics€Opinion€No.€98€(issued€7/16/82).ÌÌà  àThe€last€sentence€of€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2B£€is€derived€from€ABAÐ \+¬&, ÐCanon€¢2B£€and€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XIII.Ð =,'- ÐÐ -n(. Ðà  àThe€first€paragraph€of€the€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€is€derivedÐ ° Ðfrom€ò òaó ó€û€€€(ûtheü€€€(ü€Commentary€to€ABA€ò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2A£€ò òof€Canon€2ó ó.Ð ‘á ÐÌà  àThe€last€paragraph€of€the€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€is€derivedÐ S£ Ðfrom€a€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€2€and€is€consistent€with€Md.ÏJudicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€31€(issued€5/7/75).ÌÌÌÌÓÓC.€€A€judge€shall€not€hold€membership€in€any€organization€thatÏpractices€invidious€discrimination€on€the€basis€of€race,€sex,Ïreligionû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€national€origin.€€ÌÓÓÌà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€Membership€of€a€judge€in€an€organization€that€practicesÏinvidious€discrimination€on€the€basis€of€race,€sex,€religion,Ïor€national€origin€may€give€rise€to€perceptions€that€theÏjudge's€impartiality€is€impaired.€€It€is€thereforeÏinappropriate€for€a€judge€to€continue€to€hold€membership€in€anÏorganization€that€the€judge€knows€or€reasonably€should€know,Ïpractices€and€will€continue€to€practice€such€invidiousÏdiscrimination€so€as€to€give€rise€to€the€perception€that€theÏjudge's€impartiality€is€impaired.Ìû€€€(ûMembership€in€an€organization€would€not€be€prohibited€unlessÏthat€membership€would€reasonably€give€rise€to€a€perception€ofÏpartiality.€Certain€organizations€-€such€as€congregationalÏbrotherhoods,€sisterhoods,€bowling€leagues,€etc.€-€may€well€beÏrestricted€to€persons€belonging€to€the€particular€congregationÏand€therefore€to€those€sharing€a€particular€religious€belief,Ïbut€it€is€hardly€unlikely€that€membership€in€such€anÏorganization€would€cause€people€reasonably€to€believe€that€theÏjudge€is€partial.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àWhether€an€organization€practices€and€will€continue€toÏpractice€that€kind€of€invidious€discrimination€is€often€aÏcomplex€question€to€which€judges€should€be€sensitive.€€TheÏanswer€cannot€be€determined€merely€from€an€examination€of€anÏorganization's€current€membership€rolls€but€may€depend€on€(1)Ïthe€nature€and€purpose€of€the€organization,€(2)€anyÏrestrictions€on€membership,€(3)€the€history€of€theÏorganization's€selection€of€members,€and€(4)€other€relevantÏfactors€such€as€that€the€organization€is€dedicated€to€theÏpreservation€of€religious,€ethnicû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€cultural€values€ofÐ -n(. Ðlegitimate€common€interests€to€its€members,€or€that€it€is€inÏfact,€an€intimate,€purely€private€organization€whoseÏmembership€limitations€could€not€be€constitutionallyÏprohibited.€Absent€such€factors,€an€organization€is€generallyÏsaid€to€discriminate€invidiously€if€it€arbitrarily€excludesÏfrom€membership€on€the€basis€of€race,€religion,€sexû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€orÏnational€origin€persons€who€would€otherwise€be€admitted€toÏmembership.€€ò òSee€New€York€State€Club€¢Ass'n£.€Inc.€v.€City€ofÐ × ' ÐNew€York,€108€S.€Ct.€2225,€101€L.€Ed.€2d€1€(1988);€Board€ofÏDirectors€of€Rotary€International€v.€Rotary€Club€of€Duarte,Ï481€U.S.€537,€107€S.€Ct.€1940€(1987),€95€L.€Ed.€2d€474;ÏRoberts€v.€United€States€Jaycees,€468€U.S.€609,€104€S.€Ct.Ï3244,€82€L.€Ed.€2d€462€(1984).ó ó€Ð <Œ  ÐÌà  àAlthough€ò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2C£€relates€only€to€membership€inÐ þN  Ðorganizations€that€invidiously€discriminate€on€the€basis€ofÏrace,€sex,€religionû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€national€origin,€a€judge's€membershipÏin€an€organization€that€engages€in€any€discriminatoryÏmembership€practices€prohibited€by€the€law€of€the€jurisdictionÏalso€violates€Canon€ò ò2€and€Sectionó ó€¢2A£€and€gives€the€appearanceÐ c³ Ðof€impropriety.€In€addition,€it€would€be€a€violation€of€CanonÏ2€ò òand€Section€¢2A£ó ó€for€a€judge€to€arrange€a€meeting€at€a€clubÐ %u Ðthat€the€judge€knows€practices€invidious€discrimination€on€theÏbasis€of€race,€sex,€religionû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€national€origin€in€itsÏmembership€or€other€policies,€or€for€the€judge€to€regularlyÏuse€such€a€club.€€Moreover,€public€manifestation€by€a€judge€ofÏthe€judge's€knowing€approval€of€invidious€discrimination€onÏany€basis€gives€the€appearance€of€impropriety€under€Canon€2Ïand€diminishes€public€confidence€in€the€integrity€andÏimpartiality€of€the€judiciary,€in€violation€of€ò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(üÐ -} Т2A£.ÌÌà  àWhen€a€person€who€is€a€judge€on€the€date€this€CodeÏbecomes€effective€learns€that€an€organization€to€which€theÏjudge€belongs€engages€in€invidious€discrimination€that€wouldÏpreclude€membership€under€ò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2C£€or€under€ò òCanon€2Ð s#Ã# Ðand€Sectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2A£,€the€judge€is€permitted,€in€lieu€ofÐ T$¤$ Ðresigning,€to€make€immediate€efforts€to€have€the€organizationÏdiscontinue€its€invidiously€discriminatory€practices,€but€isÏrequired€to€suspend€participation€in€any€other€activities€ofÏthe€organization.€€If€the€organization€fails€to€discontinueÏits€invidiously€discriminatory€practices€as€promptly€asÏpossible€(and€in€all€events€within€two€years€of€the€judge'sÏfirst€learning€of€the€practices),€the€judge€is€required€toÏresign€immediately€from€the€organization.ÌÌCommittee€note.„€ò òAfter€careful€consideration,€the€CommitteeÐ -n(. Ðdecided€to€make€membership€in€organizations€that€practiceÏinvidious€discrimination€a€violation€of€the€Code.€€New€SectionÏ¢2C£€moves€to€black-letter€text€a€principle€that€had€been€in€theÏCommentary€to€Canon€2€of€the€1989€Code.€€It€was€determinedÏthat€it€was€neither€appropriate€nor€workable€to€leave€to€eachÏindividual€judge's€conscience€the€determination€whether€anÏorganization€practices€invidious€discrimination,€and€thisÏdiscretionary€standard€was€removed€from€the€Commentary.ó óÐ × ' ÐÌà  àThe€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€incorporates€most€of€theÐ ™ é  ÐCommentary€to€ABA€ò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢2C£€ò òof€Canon€2ó ó.€€The€secondÐ z Ê  Ðsentence€of€the€first€paragraph€is€derived€from€the€ò òCommentaryó óÐ [«  Ðû€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€¢2B£€ò òand€has€been€retainedÐ <Œ  Ðto€make€clear€that€membership€in€an€organization€would€not€beÏprohibitive€unless€that€membership€would€reasonably€give€riseÏto€a€perception€of€partiality.€€Certain€organizations€-€suchÏas€congregational€brotherhoods,€sisterhoods,€bowling€leagues,Ïetc.€-€may€well€be€restricted€to€persons€belonging€to€theÏparticular€congregation€and€therefore€to€those€sharing€aÏparticular€religious€belief,€but€it€is€hardly€likely€thatÏmembership€in€such€an€organization€would€cause€peopleÏreasonably€to€believe€that€the€judge€is€partialó ó.Ð %u ÐÌÌÌà@CC#ìàòòREPORTERððS€NOTEóóˆÐ ©ù ÐÌà  àSection€A€has€been€modified€so€that€it€is€couched€inÏmandatory€terms€which€is€the€way€Canon€¢2A£€of€the€ABA€Code€isÏwritten.€€The€last€sentence€has€been€eliminated€to€beÏconsistent€with€the€ABA€Rule.€€The€Comment€is€new€and€wasÏadded€for€consistency€with€the€ABA€version€of€the€Rule.ÌÌà  àSection€B€has€been€reworded€to€be€mandatory€as€Canon€¢2B£Ïof€the€ABA€Code€is.€€The€word€ð ðpoliticalðð€has€been€added€toÏthe€list€of€relationships€which€shall€not€influence€judicialÏconduct.€€The€first€paragraph€of€the€Comment€is€now€in€theÏComment€to€Canon€1.€€The€second€paragraph€is€deleted€becauseÏit€is€restated€in€the€new€Comment€which€is€derived€from€theÏABA€Commentary.€€The€Committee€note€has€been€updated.€ÌÌà  àSection€C€has€not€been€changed,€except€that€language€hasÏbeen€added€to€the€Comment€which€was€originally€in€theÏCommittee€note€to€Canon€¢2C£.€€The€Subcommittee€has€deleted€someÏcitations€to€cases€which€are€not€recent.ÌÌÐ -n(. Ðœ‡à@77'ìàCANON€3ˆÌÌÌà@üüìàò òImpartial€and€Diligentó ó€Performance€of€Judicial€DutiesˆÐ S£ ÐÌÌÓÓà  àIn€the€performance€of€judicial€duties,€the€followingÏstandards€apply:€€ÌA.€ADJUDICATIVE€RESPONSIBILITIES.-€€€Ìà  à(1)€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€be€faithful€to€the€ò òlawó ó€andÐ <Œ  Ðmaintain€professional€competence€in€it.Ìà  à(2)€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshall€notü€€€(ü€be€ò òunswayedó ó€û€€€(ûswayedü€€€(ü€byÐ Ú* Ðpartisan€interests,€public€clamorû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€fear€of€criticism.Ìà  à(3)€A€judge€ò òshould€maintainó ó€û€€€(ûshall€ò òrequireó óü€€€(ü€order€andÐ ^® Ðdecorum€in€proceedings€before€the€judge.Ìà  à(4)€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€be€patient,€dignified,€andÐ üL Ðcourteous€to€litigants,€jurors,€witnesses,€lawyers,€and€othersÏwith€whom€the€judge€deals€in€an€official€capacity€and€ò òshouldó óÐ €Ð Ðû€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€ò òrequireó ó€similar€conduct€of€lawyers,€and€of€staff,€courtÐ B’ Ðofficialsû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€and€others€subject€to€the€judge's€direction€andÏcontrol.ÌÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûThe€duty€to€hear€all€proceedings€fairly€and€with€patienceÏis€not€inconsistent€with€the€duty€to€dispose€promptly€of€theÏbusiness€of€the€court.€€Judges€can€be€efficient€andÏbusinesslike€while€being€patient€and€deliberate.ü€€€(üÌÌÓÓà  à(5)€ò òA€judge€should€accord€to€every€person€who€is€legallyÐ É*&+ Ðinterested€in€proceedings,€or€the€person's€lawyer,€full€rightÐ ‹,Û'- Ðto€be€heard€according€to€law,€and,€except€as€authorized€byÏlaw,€neither€initiate€nor€consider€ex€parte€or€otherÏcommunications€concerning€a€pending€or€impending€proceeding.€ÏA€judge,€however,€may€obtain€the€advice€of€a€disinterestedÏexpert€on€the€law€applicable€to€a€proceeding€before€the€judgeÏif€the€judge€gives€notice€to€the€parties€of€the€name€of€theÏperson€consulted€and€the€substance€of€the€advice,€and€affordsÏthe€parties€reasonable€opportunity€to€respond.ó ó€€û€€€(ûA€judge€shallÐ þN  Ðaccord€to€every€person€who€has€a€legal€interest€in€theÏproceeding€pending€before€the€judge,€or€that€personððs€lawyer,Ïthe€right€to€be€heard€according€to€ò òlawó ó.€€While€presiding€overÐ D” Ðthe€proceeding,€a€judge€shall€not€initiate,€permit,€orÏconsider€ex€parte€communications,€or€consider€otherÏcommunications€made€to€the€judge€outside€the€presence€of€theÏparties€concerning€a€pending€or€impending€proceeding€exceptÏthat:ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(a)€Where€circumstances€ò òrequireó ó,€ex€parte€communicationsÐ ê :  Ðfor€scheduling,€administrative€purposes,€or€emergencies€thatÏdo€not€deal€with€substantive€matters€or€issues€on€the€meritsÏare€authorized;€provided:ü€€€(üÌà  àà ` àû€€€(û(i)€the€judge€reasonably€believes€that€no€party€willÏgain€a€procedural€or€tactical€advantage€as€a€result€of€theÏcommunication,€andü€€€(üÌà  àà ` àû€€€(û(ii)€the€judge€makes€provision€promptly€to€notifyÐ R-¢(. Ðall€other€parties€of€the€substance€of€the€ex€parteÏcommunication€and€allows€an€opportunity€to€respond.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(b)€A€judge€may€obtain€the€advice€of€a€disinterestedÏexpert€on€the€ò òlawó ó€applicable€to€a€proceeding€before€the€judgeÐ ö F Ðif€the€judge€gives€notice€to€the€parties€of€the€personÏconsulted€and€the€substance€of€the€advice€and€affords€theÏparties€reasonable€opportunity€to€respond.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(c)€A€judge€may€consult€with€other€judges€and€with€courtÏpersonnel€whose€function€is€to€aid€the€judge€in€carrying€outÏthe€judgeððs€adjudicative€responsibilities.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(d)€A€judge€may,€with€the€consent€of€the€parties,€conferÏseparately€with€the€parties€and€their€lawyers€in€an€effort€toÏmediate€or€settle€matters€pending€before€the€judge.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(e)€A€judge€may€initiate€or€consider€any€ex€parteÏcommunications€when€expressly€authorized€by€ò òlawó ó€to€do€so.ü€€€(üÐ f¶ Ðà  àû€€€(û(f)€This€section€does€not€prohibit€a€judge€fromÏdiscussing€cases€in€which€the€judge€is€not€involved€and€is€notÏlikely€to€be€involved.ü€€€(üÌà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÓÓà  àThe€proscription€against€communications€concerning€aÏproceeding€includes€communications€from€lawyers,€law€teachers,Ïand€other€persons€who€are€not€participants€in€the€proceeding,Ïexcept€to€the€limited€extent€permitted.€€ò òIt€does€not€precludeÐ í(=$) Ða€judge€from€consulting€with€other€judges,€or€with€courtÏpersonnel€whose€function€is€to€aid€the€judge€in€carrying€outÏadjudicative€responsibilities.ó ó€€Ð +à&, ÐÌà  àû€€€(ûTo€the€extent€reasonably€possible,€all€parties€or€theirÐ R-¢(. Ðlawyers€shall€be€included€in€communications€with€a€judge.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûWhenever€presence€of€a€party€or€notice€to€a€party€isÏrequired€by€Canon€3A€(5),€it€is€the€partyððs€lawyer,€or€if€theÏparty€is€unrepresented€the€party,€who€is€to€be€present€or€toÏwhom€notice€is€to€be€given.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àAn€appropriate€and€often€desirable€procedure€for€a€courtÏto€obtain€the€advice€of€a€disinterested€expert€on€legal€issuesÏis€to€invite€the€expert€to€file€a€brief€amicus€curiae.ÌÌà  àû€€€(ûCertain€ex€parte€communication€is€approved€by€Canon€3AÏ(5)€to€facilitate€scheduling€and€other€administrative€purposesÏand€to€accommodate€emergencies.€€In€general,€however,€a€judgeÏmust€discourage€ex€parte€communication€and€allow€it€only€ifÏall€the€criteria€stated€in€Canon€3A€(5)€are€clearly€met.€€AÏjudge€must€disclose€to€all€parties€all€ex€parte€communicationÏdescribed€in€Canons€3A€(5)(a)€and€3A€(5)(b)€regarding€aÏproceeding€pending€or€impending€before€the€judge.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€must€not€independently€investigate€facts€in€aÏcase€and€must€consider€only€the€evidence€presented€exceptÏmatters€of€which€the€court€can€properly€take€judicial€notice.ü€€€(üÌÌÐ  È Ðà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€may€request€a€party€to€submit€proposed€findingsÏof€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,€so€long€as€the€other€partiesÏare€apprised€of€the€request€and€are€given€an€opportunity€toÏrespond€to€the€proposed€findings€and€conclusions.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€must€make€reasonable€efforts,€including€theÏprovision€of€appropriate€supervision,€to€ensure€that€Canon€3AÏ(5)€is€not€violated€through€law€clerks€or€other€personnel€onÏthe€judgeððs€staff.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûIf€communication€between€the€trial€judge€and€theÏappellate€court€with€respect€to€a€proceeding€is€permitted,€aÏcopy€of€any€written€communication€or€the€substance€of€any€oralÏcommunication€should€be€provided€to€all€parties.ü€€€(üÌÌÌÓÓà  à(6)€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€dispose€promptly€of€the€businessÐ À Ðof€the€court.€€ÌÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌà  àPrompt€disposition€of€the€court's€business€requires€aÏjudge€to€devote€adequate€time€to€judicial€duties,€to€beÏpunctual€in€attending€court€and€expeditious€in€determiningÏmatters€under€submission,€and€to€insist€that€court€officials,Ïlitigantsû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€and€their€lawyers€cooperate€to€that€end.€€ÌÌÓÓà  à(7)€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€abstain€from€public€commentÐ Lœ Ðabout€a€pending€or€impending€proceeding€in€any€court€û€€€(ûthatÏmight€reasonably€be€expected€to€affect€the€outcome€of€thatÏproceeding€or€to€impair€the€fairness€of€that€proceedingü€€€(ü,€andÏò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€ò òrequireó ó€similar€abstention€on€the€part€of€courtÐ T$¤$ Ðpersonnel€subject€to€the€judge's€direction€and€control.€€ThisÏsubsection€does€not€prohibit€a€judge€from€making€publicÏstatements€in€the€course€of€official€duties€or€from€explainingÏfor€public€information€the€procedures€of€the€court.€€ÌÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÐ 8-ˆ(. Ї€€€€€€€€"Court€personnel"€does€not€include€the€lawyers€in€aÏproceeding€before€a€judge.€The€conduct€of€lawyers€in€thisÏregard€is€governed€by€Rule€3.6€of€the€Maryland€[Lawyers']ÏRules€of€Professional€Conduct.ÌÌÓÓÐ   e Ðà  à(8)€At€the€conclusion€of€a€jury€trial,€the€judge€ò òshouldÐ ° Ðneither€praise€nor€criticize€the€verdictó ó€û€€€(ûshall€not€communicateÐ r Ðto€the€jury€the€judgeððs€praise€or€criticism€of€the€verdictü€€€(ü€butÏmay€thank€the€jurors€for€their€public€service.ÌÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûCommending€or€criticizing€jurors€for€their€verdict€mayÏimply€a€judicial€expectation€in€future€cases€and€may€impair€aÏjurorððs€ability€to€be€fair€and€impartial€in€a€subsequent€case.ü€€€(üÌÌÓÓà  à(9)€A€judge€shall€perform€judicial€duties€without€bias€orÏprejudice.€€A€judge€shall€not,€in€the€performance€of€judicialÏduties,€by€words€or€conduct€manifest€bias€or€prejudice,Ïincluding€but€not€limited€to€bias€or€prejudice€based€uponÏrace,€sex,€religion,€national€origin,€disability,€age,€sexualÏorientationû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€socioeconomic€status,€and€shall€not€permitÏstaff,€court€officialsû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€and€others€subject€to€the€judge'sÏdirection€and€control€to€do€so.€€à@ìì*ìàˆÐ Lœ Ðà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÓÓ€€€€€€€€A€judge€must€refrain€from€speech,€gesturesû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€otherÏconduct€that€could€reasonably€be€perceived€as€sexualÏharassment€and€must€require€the€same€standard€of€conduct€ofÏothers€subject€to€the€judge's€direction€and€control.€€ÌÌà  àA€judge€must€perform€judicial€duties€impartially€andÏfairly.€A€judge€who€manifests€bias€on€any€basis€in€aÏproceeding€impairs€the€fairness€of€the€proceeding€and€bringsÏthe€judiciary€into€disrepute.€Facial€expression€and€bodyÏlanguage,€in€addition€to€oral€communication,€can€give€toÏparties€or€lawyers€in€the€proceeding,€jurors,€the€media€andÏothers€an€appearance€of€judicial€bias.€€A€judge€must€be€alertÏto€avoid€behavior€that€may€be€perceived€as€prejudicial.€€ÌÌÓÓà  à(10)€A€judge€shall€ò òrequireó ó€lawyers€in€proceedings€beforeÐ -n(. Ðthe€judge€to€refrain€from€manifesting,€by€words€or€conduct,Ïbias€or€prejudice€based€upon€race,€sex,€religion,€nationalÏorigin,€disability,€age,€sexual€orientationû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€socioeconomicÏ›status,€against€parties,€witnesses,€counselû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€others.€€ThisÏò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3B£€(10)€does€not€preclude€legitimate€advocacyÐ ¸  Ðwhen€race,€sex,€religion,€national€origin,€disability,€age,Ïsexual€orientationû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€socioeconomic€status,€or€other€similarÏfactors,€are€issues€in€the€proceeding.€€Ìà  àû€€€(û(11)€A€judge€shall€hear€and€decide€matters€assigned€toÏthe€judge€except€those€in€which€recusal€is€appropriate.ü€€€(üÌÓÓCommittee€note.„€ò ò¢Secs£.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonsü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(1)€and€(2)€are€derived€fromÐ D” ÐABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(1)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(2)ü€€€(ü€and€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XIV.€€Ð %u ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(3)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(2)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(3)ü€€€(üÐ ç7 Ðand€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XV.Ð È ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(4)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(3)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(4)ü€€€(üÐ ŠÚ Ðand€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canons€IX€and€X.€€Ð k» ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(5)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(4)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(7)ü€€€(üÐ -} Ðand€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XVI.€€Ð ^ ÐÌà  àThe€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(5)€is€derivedÐ Ð   Ðfrom€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(4)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(7)ü€€€(ü€and€theÐ ±!! ÐCommittee€note€to€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XVI.€€Ð ’"â" ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(6)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(5)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(8)ü€€€(üÐ T$¤$ Ðand€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€VII.€€Ð 5%… % ÐÌà  àThe€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(6)€is€derivedÐ ÷&G"' Ðfrom€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(5)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(8)ü€€€(ü€and€fromÐ Ø'(#( Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€VII.€€Ð ¹( $) Ðà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(7)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€3€ò òAó ó€û€€€(ûBü€€€(ü€(6)€andÐ š)ê$* Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€12.Ð {*Ë%+ ÐÌà  àThe€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(7)€is€derivedÐ =,'- Ðfrom€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢3A£€(6)ó ó€û€€€(û¢3B£€(9)ü€€€(ü.Ð -n(. Їà  àSec.€¢3A£€(8)€is€derived€from€ò òcurrent€Md.€Ethics€Rule€13.Ð ° ÐThere€is€no€ABA€provision€on€this€subjectó ó€û€€€(ûABA€Canon€¢3B£€(10)ü€€€(ü.€€Ð ‘á ÐÌà  àò òABA€Canon€¢3A£€(7),€current€Md.€Canon€¢XXXIV£,€and€currentÐ S£ ÐMd.€Ethics€Rule€11€contain€provisions€governing€broadcasting,Ïtelevising,€recording€or€photographing€in€courtrooms€andÏadjacent€areas.€€Several€states€have€deleted€that€provision€onÏthe€ground€that€it€addresses€a€question€of€courtÏadministration€rather€than€ethics.€€The€Committee€agrees,Ïespecially€since€Rule€1209€of€the€Md.€Rules€of€ProcedureÏgoverns€media€coverage€of€civil€actions,€and€Md.€Code,€Art.Ï27,€sec.€¢467B£€prohibits€(with€limited€exceptions)€mediaÏcoverage€of€criminal€trials.ó ó€€Ð <Œ  ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(9)€and€the€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òSec.ó óÐ þN  Ðû€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(9)€are€derived€from€ABA€Canon€¢3B£€(5)€and€theÏCommentary€to€the€Canon€of€the€ò ò1990€ó óû€€€(û2000ü€€€(ü€ABA€Code€of€JudicialÐ À ÐConduct.€Ì€Ìà  àò òSectionó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(10)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€¢3B£€(6)€ofÐ c³ Ðthe€ò ò1990ó ó€û€€€(û2000ü€€€(ü€Code.€€Ð D” ÐÌà  àò òSectionsó ó€û€€€(ûCanonsü€€€(ü€¢3A£€(9)€and€¢3A£€(10)€were€added€toÐ V Ðemphasize€the€requirements€of€impartial€decision-making€andÏthe€appearance€of€fairness€in€the€courtroom.ÌÌà  àû€€€(ûCanon€¢3A£€(11)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€¢3B£€(1).ü€€€(üÌÌÌÌÌÓÓB.€ADMINISTRATIVE€RESPONSIBILITIES.-€€€Ìà  à(1)€A€judge€shall€diligently€discharge€the€judge'sÏadministrative€responsibilities€without€bias€or€prejudice€ò òandÐ s#Ã# Ðmaintain€professional€competence€in€judicial€administration,ó óÐ 5%… % Ðand€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€cooperate€with€other€judges€and€courtÐ ÷&G"' Ðofficials€in€the€administration€of€court€business.ÌÓÓà@77'ìàò òCOMMENTó óˆÐ {*Ë%+ ÐÌà  àò òFormer€Section€¢3B£€(1)€was€revised€to€prohibit€a€judgeÐ =,'- Ðfrom€manifesting€bias€or€prejudice€in€the€performance€ofÐ -n(. Ðadministrative€duties€and€to€encourage,€rather€than€toÏrequire,€the€more€practicable€duty€of€cooperation€rather€thanÏfacilitation.ó óÐ r ÐÌÓÓà  à(2)€A€judge€shall€ò òrequireó ó€staff,€court€officialsû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€andÐ 4„ Ðothers€subject€to€û€€€(ûthe€judgeððsü€€€(ü€direction€and€control€to€observeÏthe€standards€of€fidelity€and€diligence€that€apply€to€theÏjudge€and€to€refrain€from€manifesting€bias€or€prejudice€in€theÏperformance€of€their€official€duties.ÌÓÓà@77'ìàò òCOMMENTó óˆÐ h  ÐÌ€€€€€€€€ò òFormer€Section€¢3B£€(2)€was€revised€to€add€theÐ Ú* Ðrequirement€that€a€judge€exercise€reasonable€direction€andÏcontrol€over€judicial€personnel€to€assure€that€they€do€notÏmanifest€bias€or€prejudice€in€the€performance€of€theirÏofficial€duties.ó ó€€Ð ^® ÐÌÌÓÓà  à(3)€ò òA€judge€should€take€or€initiate€appropriateÐ Q Ðcorrective€measures€against€a€judge€or€lawyer€forÏunprofessional€conduct€of€which€the€judge€may€be€aware.ó ó€€û€€€(ûAÐ …Õ Ðjudge€with€supervisory€authority€for€the€judicial€performanceÏof€other€judges€shall€take€reasonable€measures€to€assure€theÏprompt€disposition€of€matters€before€them€and€the€properÏperformance€of€their€other€judicial€responsibilities.ü€€€(üÌÓÓà@77'ìàò òCOMMENTó óˆÐ O%Ÿ % ÐÌ€€€€€€€€ò òCorrective€measures€may€include€a€private€admonitionÐ 'a"' Ðor€reporting€misconduct€to€the€appropriate€disciplinary€bodyÏor€a€bar€association€counseling€program.ó óÐ Ó(#$) ÐÌÓÓà  à(4)€ò òIn€exercising€a€power€of€appointment,€a€judge€shouldÐ •*å%+ Ðappoint€only€qualified€persons€and€should€avoid€nepotism€andÐ W,§'- Ðfavoritism.€€Noó ó€û€€€(ûA€judge€shall€not€makeü€€€(ü€unnecessaryÐ ° Ðappointments€ò òshould€be€madeó ó.€€û€€€(ûA€judge€shall€avoid€nepotism€andÐ r Ðfavoritism.ü€€€(ü€€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€approve€compensation€ofÐ 4„ Ðappointees€beyond€the€fair€value€of€services€rendered.€€ÌÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€€€Consent€by€the€parties€to€an€appointment€or€an€award€ofÏcompensation€does€not€relieve€the€judge€of€the€obligationÏprescribed€by€this€section.ÌÌCommittee€note.„„€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3B£€(1)€is€derived€from€ABA€CanonÐ þN  Ð[¢3B£€(1)]€C(1)€of€the€ò ò1990ó ó€û€€€(û2000ü€€€(ü€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€andÐ ß/  Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€VIII.€€Ð À ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3B£€(2)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€[¢3B£(2)]€¢3C£Ð ‚Ò Ð(2)€of€the€ò ò1990ó ó€û€€€(û2000ü€€€(ü€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€and€ò òcurrentó óÐ c³ Ðû€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€VIII.ÌÌà  àò òThe€Commentary€to€Sections€¢3B£€(1)€and€(2)€is€derived€fromÐ V Ðthe€Commentary€to€ABA€Canons€¢3C£€(1)€and€(2)€of€the€1990€CodeÏof€Judicial€Conduct.ó ó€€Ð È ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€¢3B£€(3)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€¢3ò òB£ó ó€û€€€(ûCü€€€(ü€(3)€andÐ ŠÚ Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XIò ò,€except€that€those€provisionsÐ k» Ðrequire€the€judge€to€take€appropriate€"disciplinary"€measures.ÏThe€Committee€believes€that€there€may€be€instances€ofÏprofessional€œmisconduct€which€would€warrant€a€privateÏadmonition€or€referral€to€a€bar€association€counselingÏservice,€actions€which€are€less€drastic€than€"disciplinary"Ïmeasures.€Requiring€a€judge€to€take€"corrective"€measures,Ïtherefore,€gives€the€judge€a€wider€range€of€options€to€dealÏwith€unprofessional€conductó ó.Ð s#Ã# ÐÌà  àò òThe€Commentary€to€sec.€3B€(3)€is€derived€from€theÐ 5%… % ÐCommentary€to€ABA€Canon€3B€(3),€but€is€modified€in€accordanceÏwith€the€Committee's€changes€to€ABA€Canon€3B€(3).ó óÐ ÷&G"' Ѐ€Ìà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3B€(4)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€3ò òBó ó€û€€€(ûCü€€€(ü€(4)€andÐ ¹( $) Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XII.€€Ð š)ê$* ÐÌà  àò òThe€Commentary€to€sec.€3B€(4)€is€derived€from€theÐ \+¬&, ÐCommentary€to€ABA€Canon€3B€(4)€and€from€current€Md.€Canon€XII.ó ó€Ð =,'- ÐÐ -n(. ЇÌÓÓÌC.€€RECUSAL.-€€€Ìà  à(1)€A€judge€ò òshould€not€participateó ó€û€€€(ûshall€recuse€himselfÐ  e Ðor€herselfü€€€(ü€in€a€proceeding€in€which€the€judge's€impartialityÏmight€reasonably€be€questioned,€including€but€not€limited€toÏinstances€where:Ìà  àà ` à(a)€the€judge€has€a€personal€bias€or€prejudiceÏconcerning€a€partyò ò,ó ó€or€û€€€(ûa€partyððs€lawyer,€orü€€€(ü€ò òpersonaló ó€û€€€(ûextra„Ð ß/  Ðjudicialü€€€(ü€ò òknowledgeó ó€of€disputed€evidentiary€facts€concerningÐ ¡ñ Ðthe€proceeding;€€Ìà  àà ` à(b)€the€judge€served€as€lawyer€in€the€matter€inÏcontroversy,€or€a€lawyer€with€whom€the€judge€previouslyÏpracticed€law€served€during€such€association€as€a€lawyerÏconcerning€the€matter,€or€the€judge€ò òor€lawyeró ó€has€been€aÐ …Õ Ðmaterial€witness€concerning€it;ÌÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌà  àA€lawyer€in€a€governmental€agency€does€not€necessarilyÏhave€an€association€with€other€lawyers€employed€by€that€agencyÏwithin€the€meaning€of€this€subsection;€a€judge€formerlyÏemployed€by€a€governmental€agency,€however,€should€notÏparticipate€in€a€proceeding€if€the€judge's€impartiality€mightÏreasonably€be€questioned€because€of€such€association.€€ÌÌÓÓà  àà ` à(c)€the€judge€ò òknowsó ó€that€he€or€she,€individually€orÐ ò'B#( Ðas€a€ò òfiduciaryó ó,€or€the€judge's€spouse€or€minor€child€of€theÐ Î)%* Ðjudge€residing€in€the€judge's€household,€has€aò ò€significantÐ ª+ú&, Ðfinancial€interestó ó€in€the€subject€matter€in€controversy€or€inÐ ° Ða€party€to€the€proceedingò ò,€or€any€other€interest€that€could€beÐ ŒÜ Ðsubstantially€affected€by€the€outcome€of€the€proceedingó ó;Ð Nž ÐÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€ò òAs€a€minimum€standard€for€determining€whatÐ Ò " Ðconstitutes€a€"significant€financial€interest,"€the€judgeÏshould€apply€the€definition€of€"financial€interest"€providedÏin€the€Maryland€Public€Ethics€Law,€Md.€Code,€State€GovernmentÏArticle,€ðð15-102€(n)€(1995€Replacement€Volume€and€1998ÏSupplement):€€"(1)€Ownership€of€an€interest€as€the€result€ofÏwhich€the€owner€has€received€within€the€past€3€years,€isÏcurrently€receiving,€or€in€the€future€is€entitled€to€receive,Ïmore€than€$1,000€per€year;€or€(2)(i)€ownership€of€more€than€3%Ïof€a€business€entity;€or€(ii)€ownership€of€securities€of€anyÏkind€that€represent,€or€are€convertible€into,€ownership€ofÏmore€than€3%€of€a€business€entity."ó ó€€Ð }Í ÐÌà  àò òMoreover,ó ó€û€€€(ûTü€€€(ühere€may€be€situations€involving€a€lesserÐ ? Ðfinancial€interest€which€also€require€recusal€because€of€theÏjudge's€own€sense€of€propriety.€Conversely,€there€areÏsituations€where€participation€may€be€appropriate€even€thoughÏthe€"financial€interest"€threshold€is€present.€In€the€latterÏcase,€the€judge€must€first€obtain€an€opinion€from€the€JudicialÏEthics€Committee€to€obtain€an€exemption,€except€as€provided€inÏCanon€3D€(Non-recusal€by€Agreement).€€ÌÌ€€ÌÓÓà  àà ` à(d)€the€judge,€the€û€€€(ûjudgeððsü€€€(ü€spouse€ò òof€the€judgeó ó,€û€€€(ûorü€€€(ü€aÐ  Y Ðperson€within€the€ò òthird€degree€of€relationshipó ó€to€either€ofÐ Ë!! Ðthem,€or€the€spouse€of€such€a€person:€€Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ à(i)€is€a€party€to€the€proceeding,€or€ò òis€known€byÐ i%¹ % Ðthe€judge€to€beó ó€an€officer,€director,€or€trustee€of€a€party;€€Ð +'{"' Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ à(ii)€is€acting€as€û€€€(ûaü€€€(ü€lawyer€in€the€proceeding;ÌÓÓÐ  ¯*ÿ%+ Ðà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌà  àThe€fact€that€a€lawyer€in€a€proceeding€is€affiliated€withÏa€law€firm€with€which€a€lawyer-relative€of€the€judge€isÏaffiliated€does€not€of€itself€require€recusal€of€the€judge.€ÏUnder€appropriate€circumstances,€the€fact€that€"the€judge'sÏimpartiality€might€reasonably€be€questioned"€under€Canon€3CÏ(1),€or€that€the€lawyer-relative€is€known€by€the€judge€to€haveÏan€interest€in€the€law€firm€that€could€be€"substantiallyÏaffected€by€ò òthe€outcome€ofó ó€the€proceeding"€under€Canon€3CÐ ™ é  Ð(1)(d)(iii)€may€require€the€judge's€recusal.€€ÌÌÓÓà  àà ` àà ¸ à(iii)€is€ò òknownó ó€by€the€judge€to€have€ò òanó ó€û€€€(ûaÐ <Œ  Ðò òsignificant€financialü€€€(ü€interestó ó€that€could€be€substantiallyÐ h  Ðaffected€by€the€ò òoutcome€of€theó ó€proceeding;€€Ð ôD Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ à(iv)€is€to€the€judge's€ò òknowledgeó ó€likely€to€be€aÐ ¶ Ðmaterial€witness€in€the€proceeding.€Ìà  à(2)€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€keep€informed€about€ò òhis€or€heró óÐ T¤ Ðû€€€(ûthe€judgeððsü€€€(ü€personal€and€ò òfiduciaryó ó€financial€interests,€andÐ f Ðû€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€make€a€reasonable€effort€to€keep€informed€about€theÏpersonal€financial€interests€of€the€judge's€spouse€and€ò òminoró óÐ ´ Ðchildren€residing€in€the€judge's€household.€€Ìà  àò ò(3)€For€the€purposes€of€this€section:ó ó€€Ð 8!ˆ  Ðà  àà ` àò ò(a)€the€degree€of€relationship€is€calculatedÐ ú"J" Ðaccording€to€the€civil€law€system;ó ó€Ð ¼$ $ ÐÓÓà@77'ìàò òCOMMENTó óˆÐ ~&Î!& ÐÌ€€€€€€€€€€ò òThe€following€persons€are€within€three€degrees€ofÐ @(#( Ðrelationship€according€to€the€civil€law€system:€parent,Ïgrandparent,€sibling,€child,€grandchild,€uncle,€aunt,€niece,Ïand€nephew.ó óÐ ã*3&+ ÐÌÓÓà  àà ` àò ò(b)€"fiduciary"€includes€such€relationships€asÐ ¥,õ'- Ðpersonal€representative,€executor,€administrator,€trustee,Ïcustodian,€attorney€in€fact€by€power€of€attorney,€andÏguardian;ó ó€€Ð 4„ Ðà  àà ` àò ò(c)€"financial€interest"€means€ownership€of€a€legalÐ ö F Ðor€equitable€interest,€or€a€relationship€as€director,€advisor,Ïor€other€active€participant€in€the€affairs€of€a€party,€exceptÏthat:€€ó óà ` àà ¸ àò ò(i)€ownership€in€a€mutual€or€common€investmentÐ <Œ  Ðfund€that€holds€securities€is€not€a€"financial€interest"€inÏsuch€securities€unless€the€judge€participates€in€theÏmanagement€of€the€fund;ó ó€€Ð ‚Ò Ðà  àà ` àò ò(ii)€an€office€in€an€educational,€religious,Ð D” Ðcharitable,€fraternal,€or€civic€organization€is€not€aÏ"financial€interest"€in€securities€held€by€the€organization;ó ó€€Ð È Ðà  àà ` àò ò(iii)€the€proprietary€interest€of€a€policy€holder€inÐ ŠÚ Ða€mutual€insurance€company,€of€a€depositor€in€a€mutual€savingsÏassociation,€or€a€similar€proprietary€interest,€is€aÏ"financial€interest"€in€the€issuer€only€if€the€outcome€of€theÏproceeding€could€substantially€affect€the€value€of€theÏinterest;ó ó€€Ð T$¤$ Ðà  àà ` àò ò(iv)€ownership€of€government€securities€is€aÐ &f!& Ð"financial€interest"€in€the€issuer€only€if€the€outcome€of€theÏproceeding€could€substantially€affect€the€value€of€theÏsecurities.ó ó€€Ð \+¬&, ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCommentü€€€(üˆÐ -n(. Їà  àû€€€(ûUnder€this€Rule,€a€judge€should€recuse€himself€or€herselfÏwhenever€the€judgeððs€impartiality€might€reasonably€beÏquestioned,€regardless€of€whether€any€of€the€specific€rules€inÏCanon€3C€(1)€apply.€€For€example,€if€a€judge€were€in€theÏprocess€of€negotiating€for€employment€with€a€law€firm,€theÏjudge€would€be€recused€from€any€matters€in€which€that€law€firmÏappeared,€unless€the€recusal€was€waived€by€the€parties€afterÏdisclosure€by€the€judge.ÌÌà  àA€judge€should€disclose€on€the€record€information€thatÏthe€judge€believes€the€parties€or€their€lawyers€might€considerÏrelevant€to€the€question€of€recusal,€even€if€the€judgeÏbelieves€there€is€no€real€basis€for€disqualification.ÌÌà  àBy€decisional€law,€the€rule€of€necessity€may€override€theÏrule€of€recusal.€€For€example,€a€judge€might€be€required€toÏparticipate€in€judicial€review€of€a€judicial€salary€statute,Ïor€might€be€the€only€judge€available€in€a€matter€requiringÏimmediate€judicial€action,€such€as€a€hearing€on€probable€causeÏor€a€temporary€restraining€order.€€In€the€latter€case,€theÏjudge€must€disclose€on€the€record€the€basis€for€possibleÏrecusal€and€use€reasonable€efforts€to€transfer€the€matter€toÏanother€judge€as€soon€as€practicable.ü€€€(üÌÌÌCommittee€note.„„€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(a)€is€derived€from€ABAÐ ©ù ÐCanon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(ü€(1)(a).Ð ŠÚ ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(b)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(üÐ Lœ Ð(1)(b).€€Former€Md.€Ethics€Rule€2€requires€recusal€in€anyÏmatter€in€which€the€judge€previously€acted€as€a€lawyer.€Sec.Ï3C€(1)€(b)€extends€the€recusal€requirement€to€any€matter€inÏwhich€the€judge's€former€partner€or€associate€acted€while€theÏjudge€was€in€practice.€€ÌÌà  àThe€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(b)€is€derivedÐ s#Ã# Ðfrom€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(ü€(1)(b)€and€isÐ T$¤$ Ðconsistent€with€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€1€(issuedÏ9/13/71).€€ÌÌà  àSec.€3C€(1)(c)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(ü€(1)(c)€andÐ Ø'(#( Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€2.€That€ABA€Canon€requiresÐ ¹( $) Ðrecusal€if€any€ò òfinancialó ó€û€€€(ûeconomicü€€€(ü€interestò ò,€"however€small,"ó óÐ š)ê$* Ðis€present;€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€2€mandates€recusalÐ {*Ë%+ Ðif€a€judge€has€a€"significant"€financial€interest€in€theÏmatter,€which€means€a€value€in€excess€of€$1,000.€€See€Md.ÏJudicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€78€(issued€10/29/80).€€TheÐ -n(. ÐCommittee€believes€that€de€minimis€€financial€interests€shouldÏnot€automatically€require€recusal.€€As€a€result,€the€CommitteeÏfavors€the€use€of€the€definition€of€"financial€interest"Ïprovided€in€the€Maryland€Public€Ethics€Law.€€Accordingly,€thisÏstandard€is€set€forth€in€the€ò òCommentary€to€sec.€3C€(1)(c)ó óÐ 4„ Ðû€€€(ûdefinition€of€ð ðSignificant€financial€interestðð€in€theÏTerminology€sectionü€€€(ü.€€ÌÌà  àThe€first€sentence€of€the€last€paragraph€of€theÏò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(c)€is€derived€from€theÐ ™ é  ÐCommittee€note€to€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€2.€€The€lastÐ z Ê  Ðtwo€sentences€of€this€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€are€new€and€allowÐ [«  Ðsome€flexibility€to€mandatory€recusal€even€where€the€financialÏinterest€threshold€exists.€€Such€exemptions€can€be€determinedÏby€the€Committee€on€an€ad€hoc€basis.€Ì€Ìà  àò òThe€first€clause€of€sec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(d)(i)€is€derivedÐ À Ðfrom€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(ü€(1)(d)(i),€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XIII,Ð ¡ñ Ðand€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€2.€€ò òThe€second€clause€isÐ ‚Ò Ðderived€from€the€same€ABA€Canon,€which€does€not,€however,Ïrequire€knowledge€by€the€judge€of€the€relative's€position.€ÏThe€Committee€believes€that€such€knowledge€should€be€actual,Ïnot€imputed.ó ó€€Ð V ÐÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(d)(ii)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(üÐ È Ð(1)(d)(ii).€€ÌÌà  àThe€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(d)(ii)€isÐ k» Ðderived€from€û€€€(ûthe€Commentary€toü€€€(ü€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(ü€(1)(d)(ii)€andÐ Lœ Ðis€consistent€with€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€53€(issuedÏ6/16/77)€and€No.€25€(issued€12/26/74).€€ÌÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(d)(iii)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(üÐ Ð   Ð(1)(d)€(iii).€€ÌÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(1)(d)(iv)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€3CÐ s#Ã# Ð(1)(d)(iv).€€ÌÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€3C€(2)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò3Có ó€û€€€(û3Eü€€€(ü€(2)€andÐ &f!& Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XXV.€Ð ÷&G"' ÐÌà  àò òSec.€3C€(3)(a)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€3C€(3)(a).Ð ¹( $) ÐCurrent€Md.€Ethics€Rule€2€uses€the€common€law€system,€whichÏcounts€down€from€the€common€ancestor,€a€method€which€wouldÏextend€the€disqualification€where€the€judge's€first€cousinsÏare€involved.€Thirty-seven€states€have€adopted€the€ABA€CodeÏprovision,€as€does€Md.€Code,€sec.€1-203€of€the€Estates€andÐ -n(. ÐTrusts€Article€for€purposes€of€estate€distribution€andÏadministration.ó ó€€Ð ‘á ÐÌà  àò òThe€Commentary€to€sec.€3C€(3)(a)€is€derived€from€theÐ S£ ÐCommentary€to€ABA€Canon€3C€(3)(a).ó ó€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àò òSec.€3C€(3)(b)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€3C€(3)(b).ó ó€€Ð ö F ÐÌà  àò òSec.€3C€(3)(c)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€3C€(3)(c),€butÐ ¸  Ðis€modified€as€explained€in€the€Committee€note€to€sec.€3CÏ(1)(c).ó ó€€Ð z Ê  ÐÌà  àò òSec.€3C€(3)(c)(i)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€3C€(1)(c)(i).Ð <Œ  ÐThis€provision€would,€superficially€at€least,€negate€Md.ÏJudicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€81€(issued€11/20/80).€That€opinionÏrequired€recusal€because€the€judge€had€invested€in€an€unusualÏtype€of€mutual€fund,€where€the€investments€were€unchanging€andÏthe€judge€knew€of€each€company€in€which€the€fund€had€invested.ÏUnder€those€particular€facts,€however,€the€judge's€recusalÏwould€still€be€required€under€Canon€3C€(1)(c)€("an€interestÏthat€could€be€substantially€affected€by€the€outcome€of€theÏproceeding")€or€under€the€broad€test€of€Canon€3C€(1)€(whereÏthe€judge's€"impartiality€might€reasonably€be€questioned").ó ó€€Ð V ÐÌà  àò òSecs.€3C€(3)(c)(ii),€(iii)€and€(iv)€are€derived€from€ABAÐ È ÐCanon€3C€(3)(ii),€(iii),€and€(iv),€respectively.ó ó€€Ð ©ù ÐÌÌÌÓÓD.€NON-RECUSAL€BY€AGREEMENT.-Ì€€€€€Where€recusal€would€be€required€by€Canon€3Cû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€ò ò(1)(c)€orÐ ï? ÐCanon€3C€(1)(d),ó ó€the€judge€may€disclose€on€the€record€theÐ ±!! Ðò òbasis€ofó ó€û€€€(ûreason€forü€€€(ü€the€recusal.€If€the€lawyers,€afterÐ s#Ã# Ðconsultation€with€their€clients€and€ò òindependently€of€theÐ 5%… % Ðjudge's€participationó ó,€û€€€(ûout€of€the€presence€of€the€judgeü€€€(ü€allÐ ÷&G"' Ðagree€ò òon€the€recordó ó€that€the€judge€ought€to€participateÐ ¹( $) Ðnotwithstanding€the€basis€for€recusal,€the€judge€mayÏparticipate€in€the€proceeding.€€û€€€(ûIf€following€disclosure€of€anyÐ =,'- Ðbasis€for€recusal€other€than€what€is€required€by€Canon€3CÏ(1)(a),€the€parties€and€lawyers,€without€participation€by€theÏjudge,€all€agree€that€the€judge€should€not€have€to€recuseÏhimself€or€herself,€and€the€judge€is€then€willing€toÏparticipate,€the€judge€may€participate€in€the€proceeding.€€TheÏagreement€of€the€parties€shall€be€incorporated€in€the€recordÏof€the€proceeding.ü€€€(üÌÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àò òThis€procedure€is€designed€to€minimize€the€change€that€aÐ À Ðparty€or€lawyer€will€feel€coerced€into€an€agreement.€€A€pro€seÏparty€may€agree€to€allow€participation€by€the€judge.ó ó€€û€€€(ûThisÐ ‚Ò Ðprocedure€provides€the€parties€an€opportunity€to€proceedÏwithout€delay€if€they€wish€to€waive€the€recusal.€€To€assureÏthat€consideration€of€the€question€of€waiver€of€the€recusal€isÏmade€independently€of€the€judge,€a€judge€must€not€solicit,Ïseek,€or€hear€comment€on€possible€waiver€of€the€recusal€unlessÏthe€lawyers€jointly€propose€waiver€after€consultation€asÏprovided€in€the€rule.€€A€party€may€act€through€counsel€ifÏcounsel€represents€on€the€record€that€the€party€has€beenÏconsulted€and€consents.€€As€a€practical€matter,€a€judge€mayÏwish€to€have€all€parties€and€their€lawyers€sign€the€waiverÏagreement.ü€€€(üÌÌò òCommittee€note.€€Sec.€3D€and€the€Commentary€there€to€areÐ ï? Ðderived€from€ABA€Canon€3D€and€the€commentary€thereto;€however,Ïthose€provisions€require€written€approval€of€the€parties.€ÏBecause€a€party€may€not€be€readily€available€to€sign,€theÏCommittee€believes€that€the€lawyerððs€agreement,€afterÏconsultation€with€the€client,€should€suffice.€€Non„recusal€byÏagreement€is€not€permitted€under€current€Md.€Ethics€Rule€2,€asÏinterpreted€by€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€78€(issuedÏ10/29/80)€and€No.€50€(issued€1/17/77).ó óÐ ÷&G"' ÐÌÌÓÓû€€€(ûÌE.€€Disciplinary€Responsibilities.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(1)€A€judge€should€take€or€initiate€appropriateÐ -n(. Ðcorrective€measures€with€respect€to€the€unprofessional€conductÏof€another€judge.€€A€judge€shall€inform€the€Commission€onÏJudicial€Disabilities€of€facts€ò òknownó ó€to€that€judge€that€raiseÐ 4„ Ða€substantial€question€as€to€another€judgeððs€fitness€forÏoffice€where€corrective€measures€are€not€appropriate,€or€ifÏattempted,€were€not€successful.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(2)€A€judge€should€take€or€initiate€appropriateÏcorrective€measures€with€respect€to€the€unprofessional€conductÏof€a€lawyer.€€A€judge€shall€inform€the€Attorney€GrievanceÏCommission€of€facts€ò òknownó ó€to€that€judge€that€raise€aÐ œì Ðsubstantial€question€as€to€the€lawyerððs€honesty,Ïtrustworthiness,€or€fitness€as€a€lawyer€in€other€respects.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(3)€Acts€of€a€judge,€required€or€permitted€by€Canons€3EÏ(1)€and€3E€(2)€shall€be€absolutely€privileged,€and€no€civilÏaction€predicated€thereon€may€be€instituted€against€the€judge.ü€€€(üÌÓÓÌà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûAppropriate€corrective€measures€may€include€directÏcommunication€with€the€judge€or€lawyer€who€has€committed€theÏviolation,€other€direct€action€if€available,€and€reporting€theÏviolation€to€the€appropriate€authority€or€other€agency€orÏbody.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûThe€Committee€believes€that€there€may€be€instances€ofÏprofessional€misconduct€which€would€warrant€a€privateÏadmonition€or€referral€to€a€bar€association€counselingÏservice,€actions€which€are€less€drastic€than€"disciplinary"Ïmeasures.€Requiring€a€judge€to€take€"corrective"€measures,Ïtherefore,€gives€the€judge€a€wider€range€of€options€to€dealÏwith€unprofessional€conduct.ü€€€(üÌÐ R-¢(. ЇÌà@CC#ìàòòREPORTERððS€NOTEóóˆÐ ‘á ÐÌà  àSection€A€(1)€through€(4)€have€been€changed€to€be€statedÏas€mandatory€as€the€parallel€ABA€Canon€is.€€The€Comment€is€newÏand€is€identical€to€the€ABA€Commentary€to€Canon€3B.€€Canon€3AÏ(5)€is€substantially€the€same€as€Canon€3B€(7)€of€the€ABA€Code,Ïexcept€for€section€(f)€which€is€new.€€The€Subcommittee€was€ofÏthe€opinion€that€a€judge€who€is€not€involved€or€likely€toÏbecome€involved€in€a€pending€or€impending€proceeding€need€notÏbe€prohibited€from€ex€parte€communications€about€the€case.€ÏMost€of€the€Comments€to€Canon€3A€(5)€have€been€added€and€areÏsubstantially€the€same€as€the€parallel€ABA€Commentary.€€CanonÏ3A€(6)€has€been€modified€to€use€the€word€ð ðshallðð€instead€ofÏthe€word€ð ðshouldðð€which€is€the€way€the€ABA€Canon€3B€(8)€isÏwritten.€€Canon€3A€(7)€was€changed€at€the€request€of€theÏJudicial€Ethics€Committee.€€The€Committee€was€concerned€thatÏthe€language€of€the€Rule€might€interfere€with€a€judgeððsÏability€to€discuss€a€pending€or€impending€case€while€the€judgeÏwas€teaching€a€class.€€Some€of€the€new€language€was€taken€fromÏCanon€3B€(8)€of€the€ABA€Code.€€Maryland€Canon€3A€(8)€has€beenÏmodified€by€the€Subcommittee€to€more€clearly€state€that€theÏjudge€is€not€to€praise€nor€criticize€the€verdict€to€the€jury.€ÏCanon€3A€(11)€is€new€and€was€added€for€clarity.€€The€CommitteeÏnote€to€Canon€3A€has€been€updated.ÌÌà  àCanon€3B€(1)€was€modified€by€the€Subcommittee€taking€outÏunnecessary€language€and€formulating€the€Rule€as€completelyÏmandatory.€€The€Comment€was€deleted€because€it€is€obsolete€asÏwas€the€Comment€to€Canon€3B€(2).€€The€Subcommittee€recommendsÏthe€adoption€of€the€ABA€version€of€Canon€3B€(3)€which€isÏnumbered€3C€(3).€€The€Comment€to€Canon€3B€(3)€was€deleted€asÏit€does€not€appear€in€the€ABA€Rule.€€Canon€3B€(4)€was€changedÏto€be€the€same€as€ABA€Canon€3C€(4).€€The€Committee€note€wasÏupdated.ÌÌà  àCanon€3C€(1)€has€been€changed€slightly€to€the€ABA€versionÏof€the€Canon,€but€the€Subcommittee€prefers€the€word€ð ðrecusalððÏto€the€word€ð ðdisqualificationðð€and€uses€the€word€ð ðrecusalððÏthroughout€the€Rules.€€The€Subcommittee€put€the€firstÏparagraph€of€the€Comment€to€Canon€3C€(1)(c)€into€theÏTerminology€Section€as€a€definition€of€the€term€ð ðsignificantÏfinancial€interest.ðð€€The€language€in€Canon€3C€(1)(d)€has€beenÏchanged€to€the€language€in€ABA€Canon€3E€(1)(d).€€TheÏSubcommittee€took€out€the€language€which€read€ð ðthe€outcome€ofððÏfrom€the€Comment€to€Canon€3C€(1)(d)(ii)€as€well€as€from€CanonÏ3C€(1)(d)(iii)€to€broaden€the€effect€of€the€Comment€and€Rule.€Ð -n(. ÐIn€Canon€3C€(d)(2)€the€Subcommittee€is€using€the€termÏð ðsignificant€financial€interestðð€in€place€of€the€former€termÏð ðinterestðð€or€the€ABA€term€ð ðmore€than€de€minimus€interest.ðð€ÏThe€Subcommittee€deleted€Canon€3C€(3)€and€the€Maryland€CommentÏas€unnecessary,€substituting€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€3EÏ(1).€€The€Committee€note€to€Canon€3C€has€been€updated.ÌÌà  àThe€Subcommittee€has€modified€Canon€3D€to€adopt€theÏsubstance€of€ABA€Canon€F,€the€parallel€provision€and€to€adoptÏthe€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€F€as€the€Comment€to€Maryland€CanonÏ3D.ÌÌà  àCanon€3E€is€new€and€is€based€on€Canon€D€of€the€ABA€Code.€ÏThe€Subcommittee€has€substituted€the€name€of€the€appropriateÏauthority€in€sections€(1)€and€(2)€and€has€modified€theÏlanguage€of€section€(1)€to€clarify€when€a€judge€has€to€notifyÏthe€Commission€on€Judicial€Disabilities.€€The€first€paragraphÏof€the€Comment€is€taken€from€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€D.€ÏThe€second€paragraph€was€added€by€the€Subcommittee€to€clarifyÏthat€steps€other€than€reporting€to€the€commission€on€JudicialÏDisabilities€or€the€Attorney€Grievance€Commission€may€beÏappropriate.ÌÌÓÓÐ  ç7 Ðà@ºº&ìàCANON€4€€ˆÌÌû€€€(ûà@Ò Ò ìàü€€€(üExtra-Judicial€à@@””%ìàActivitiesˆÌÌû€€€(ûA.€€EXTRA„JUDICIAL€ACTIVITIES€IN€GENERAL.„ü€€€(ü€Ìà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€shall€conduct€all€of€the€judgeððs€extra„judicialÏactivities€so€that€they€do€not:Ìà  à(1)€cause€a€substantial€question€as€to€the€judgeððsÏcapacity€to€act€impartially€as€a€judge;ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(2)€demean€the€judicial€office;€orü€€€(ü€ò òExcept€as€otherwiseÐ ‚Ò Ðprohibited€or€limited€by€law€or€these€canons,€a€judge€mayÏengage€in€the€following€activities,€if€doing€so€does€notÏinterfere€with€the€proper€performance€of€judicial€duties,€doesÏnot€reflect€adversely€upon€the€judge's€impartiality,€and€doesÏnot€detract€from€the€dignity€of€the€office.ó ó€€Ð Lœ Ѐ€€€û€€€(û(3)€interfere€with€the€proper€performance€of€judicialÏduties.ü€€€(üÌÓÓÌà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûComplete€separation€of€a€judge€from€extra„judicialÏactivities€is€neither€possible€nor€wise;€a€judge€should€notÏbecome€isolated€from€the€community€in€which€the€judge€lives.ÌÌà  àExpressions€of€bias€or€prejudice€by€a€judge,€even€outsideÏthe€judgeððs€judicial€activities,€may€cast€reasonable€doubt€onÏthe€judgeððs€capacity€to€act€impartially€as€a€judge.€ÏExpressions€which€may€do€so€include€jokes,€or€other€remarksÏdemeaning€individuals€on€the€basis€of€their€race,€sex,Ïreligion,€national€origin,€disability,€age,€sexualÐ -n(. Ðorientation,€or€socioeconomic€status.€€See€Canon€2C€andÏaccompanying€Comment.ü€€€(üÌÌò òCommittee€note.„€This€Canon€combines€ABA€Canons€4Ð S£ Ð(Quasi-judicial€Activities)€and€5€(Extra-judicial€Activities)Ïand€6€A€and€B€(Compensation€and€Expense€Reimbursement)€and€isÏconsistent€with€the€ABA€Code,€unless€specifically€notedÏotherwise.ó ó€€Ð × ' ÐÌò òÓÓÌA.ó ó€û€€€(ûB.ü€€€(ü€€AVOCATIONAL€ACTIVITIES.-€Ð [«  Ðà  àA€judge€may€speak,€write,€lecture,€ò òandó ó€teach€ò òon€bothÐ m  Ðlegal€and€non-legal€subjects.€A€judge€mayó ó€û€€€(ûandü€€€(ü€participate€inÐ ß/  Ðother€û€€€(ûextra„judicialü€€€(ü€activities€concerning€the€ò òlawó ó,€the€legalÐ ¡ñ Ðsystemû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€ò òandó ó€the€administration€of€justiceò ò.€A€judge€may€engageÐ }Í Ðin€social€and€recreational€activitiesó óû€€€(û,€and€non„legal€matters,Ð ? Ðsubject€to€the€requirements€of€this€Codeü€€€(ü.€€ÌÓÓÌà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌ€€€€€€ò òComplete€separation€of€a€judge€from€extra-judicialÐ f¶ Ðactivities€is€neither€possible€nor€wise;€a€judge€should€notÏbecome€isolated€from€the€society€in€which€he€or€she€may€live.ó ó€€Ð (x ÐÌà  àû€€€(ûAs€a€judicial€officer€and€person€specially€learned€in€theÏlaw,€a€judge€is€in€a€unique€position€to€contribute€to€theÏimprovement€of€the€law,€the€legal€system,€and€theÏadministration€of€justice,€including€revision€of€substantiveÏand€procedural€law€and€improvement€of€criminal€and€juvenileÏjustice.€€To€the€extent€that€time€permits,€a€judge€isÏencouraged€to€do€so,€either€independently€or€through€a€barÏassociation,€judicial€conference,€or€other€organizationÏdedicated€to€the€improvement€of€the€law.€€Judges€mayÏparticipate€in€efforts€to€promote€the€fair€administration€ofÏjustice,€the€independence€of€the€judiciary,€and€the€integrityÏof€the€legal€profession€and€may€express€opposition€to€theÏpersecution€of€lawyers€and€judges€in€other€countries€becauseÏof€their€professional€activities.ÌÐ 8-ˆ(. Ðà  àIn€this€and€other€sections€of€Canon€4,€the€phraseÏð ðsubject€to€the€requirements€of€this€Codeðð€is€used,€notably€inÏconnection€with€a€judgeððs€governmental,€civic,€or€charitableÏactivities.€€This€phrase€is€included€to€remind€judges€that€theÏuse€of€permissive€language€in€various€sections€of€the€CodeÏdoes€not€relieve€a€judge€from€the€other€requirements€of€theÏCode€that€apply€to€the€specific€conduct.ü€€€(üÌÌò òCommittee€note.€„€Sec.€4A€is€derived€from€ABA€Canons€4A€and€5AÐ ¸  Ðand€current€Md.€Canon€XXX.ó óÐ ™ é  ÐÌà  àò òThe€Commentary€to€sec.€4A€is€derived€from€the€CommentaryÐ [«  Ðto€ABA€Canon€5A€and€from€current€Md.€Canon€XXXII.ó ó€€Ð <Œ  ÐÌÌÌò òÓÓÐ  À ÐB.ó ó€û€€€(ûC.ü€€€(ü€GOVERNMENTû€€€(û,€CIVIC€OR€CHARITABLEü€€€(ü€ACTIVITIES.-€€€Ð ° Ðà  à(1)€A€judge€ò òmayó ó€û€€€(ûshall€notü€€€(ü€appear€û€€€(ûat€a€public€hearingü€€€(üÐ r Ðbeforeû€€€(û,€or€otherwise€consult€with,€an€executive€or€legislativeÏbody€or€official€exceptü€€€(ü€ò òand€confer€with€public€bodies€orÐ ö F Ðofficialsó ó€on€matters€concerning€the€ò òjudiciaryó ó€û€€€(ûò òlawó ó,€the€legalÐ ¸  Ðsystem,ü€€€(ü€or€the€administration€of€justice€û€€€(ûor€except€when€actingÏpro€se€in€a€matter€involving€the€judge€or€the€judgeððsÏinterestsü€€€(ü.ÌÓÓÌà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€€€€€As€suggested€in€the€Reporter's€Notes€to€the€ABA€CodeÏof€Judicial€Conduct,€€the€"administration€of€justice"€is€notÏlimited€to€"matters€of€judicial€administration"€but€is€broadÏenough€to€include€other€matters€relating€to€the€judiciary.€€ÌÌÓÓà  à(2)€û€€€(ûExcept€as€otherwise€provided€by€ò òlawó ó€and€subject€toÐ â2 ÐCanon€4A,ü€€€(ü€ò òAó ó€û€€€(ûaü€€€(ü€judge€may€ò òserve€onó ó€û€€€(ûaccept€appointment€to€aÐ ¾ Ðü€€€(ügovernmental€ò òadvisory€bodies€devoted€toó ó€û€€€(ûcommittee€orÐ €Ð Ðcommission€or€other€governmental€positionü€€€(ü€ò òthe€improvement€ofÐ B’ Ðthe€law,€the€legal€system€or€the€administration€of€justiceó óû€€€(û.ü€€€(üÐ !T  Ðò òand€mayó ó€û€€€(ûA€judge€may,ü€€€(ü€represent€ò òhis€or€heró ó€û€€€(ûaü€€€(ü€country,€stateû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€orÐ Æ"" Ðlocality€on€ceremonial€occasions€or€in€connection€withÏhistorical,€educationalû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€ò òandó ó€û€€€(ûorü€€€(ü€cultural€activities.Ð J&š!& ÐÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€€ò òValuable€services€have€been€rendered€in€the€past€to€theÐ Î)%* Ðstates€and€the€nation€by€judges€appointed€by€the€executive€toÏundertake€extra-judicial€assignments.€€The€appropriateness€ofÏconferring€these€assignments€on€judges€must€be€reassessed,Ïhowever,€in€light€of€the€demands€on€judicial€time€created€byÐ R-¢(. Ðtoday's€crowded€dockets€and€the€need€to€protect€the€courtsÏfrom€involvement€in€extra-judicial€matters€that€may€prove€toÏbe€controversial.ó ó€€Judges€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûmustü€€€(ü€not€ò òbe€expected€orÐ r Ðpermitted€toó ó€accept€governmental€appointments€that€couldÐ S£ Ðinterfere€with€the€effectiveness€and€independence€of€theÏjudiciary.€€Nor€ò òcanó ó€û€€€(ûmayü€€€(ü€a€judge€assume€or€discharge€theÐ  e Ðlegislative€or€executive€powers€of€government€(Article€8€ofÏthe€Md.€Declaration€of€Rights)€or€hold€Ð  × ' Ðan€"office"€under€the€constitution€or€laws€of€the€UnitedÏStates€or€State€of€Maryland€(Article€33€of€the€Md.€DeclarationÏof€Rights).€€ÌÌÓÓà  àò ò(3)€As€a€private€citizen,€a€judge€may€appear€before€orÐ 4„ Ðconfer€with€public€bodies€or€officials€on€matters€thatÏdirectly€relate€to€a€judge's€person,€immediate€family€orÏproperty€so€long€as€the€judge€does€not€use,€and€avoids€theÏappearance€of€using,€the€prestige€of€the€judge's€office€toÏinfluence€decision-making.€€ÓÓCommittee€note.„„€Sec.€4B€(1)€isÏderived€from€ABA€Canon€4B,€which€provides€as€follows:ó ó€€Ð ß/  ÐÌà  àò ò[A€judge]€may€appear€at€a€public€hearing€before€anÐ ¡ñ Ðexecutive€or€legislative€body€or€official€on€mattersÏconcerning€the€law,€the€legal€system,€and€the€administrationÏof€justice,€and€he€may€otherwise€consult€with€an€executive€orÏlegislative€body€or€official,€but€only€on€matters€concerningÏthe€administration€of€justice.ó ó€€Ð V ÐÌà  àò òThe€Committee€believes€that€the€phrase€"mattersÐ È Ðconcerning€the€law"€is€overly€broad,€and€that€a€judge'sÏparticipation,€as€a€judge,€before€public€€bodies€or€officialsÏshould€be€limited€to€matters€involving€the€judiciary€orÏadministration€of€justice.€Current€Md.€Canon€XXII€allows€aÏjudge's€participation€in€executive€and€legislative€matters€toÏ"improve€the€administration€of€justice."ó ó€€Ð ^ ÐÌà  àò òThe€Commentary€to€sec.€4B€(1)€is€from€the€stated€source.€€Ð Ð   ÐSec.€4B€(2)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5€G.€Current€Md.€EthicsÏRule€3€and€Article€33€of€the€Md.€Declaration€of€RightsÏprohibit€a€judge€from€holding€any€"office,"€civil,€military€orÏpolitical,€under€the€constitution€or€laws€of€the€United€StatesÏor€State€of€Maryland.€€An€"office"€is€one€which€calls€for€theÏexercise€of€some€portion€of€the€sovereign€power€of€government.ÏSee,€e.g.,€€Howard€County€Comm.€v.€Westphal,€232€Md.€334,€340Ï(1963)€and€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€77€(issued€9/14/79)€andÏNo.€97€(issued€4/21/82).€€Service€on€a€government€"advisory"Ïcommission€would€not€be€prohibited.€€See€Judicial€EthicsÏOpinion€No.€75€(issued€9/13/79)€and€No.€90€(11/28/80)€andÏUnreported€Opinion€No.€82-16€(issued€9/7/82),€No.€81-3€(issuedÏ4/1/81)€and€No.€80-1€(issued€6/13/80).ó ó€€Ð =,'- ÐÐ -n(. Ðà  àò òThe€Commentary€to€sec.€4B€(2)€is€derived€from€theÐ ° ÐCommentary€to€ABA€Canon€5€G,€except€that€the€last€sentenceÏthereof€is€added€to€reflect€the€provisions€of€Articles€8€andÏ33€of€the€Md.€Declaration€of€Rights.ó ó€€Ð S£ ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4B€(3)€appears€to€be€prohibited€by€ABA€Canon€4€B.Ð  e ÐHowever,€within€proper€bounds€and€with€appropriate€restraint,Ïsuch€conduct€has€been€permitted€by€Maryland€judges€in€theirÏpersonal€affairs.€See€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€99€(issuedÏ7/12/82)€and€In€Re€Foster,€271€Md.€449€(1974).ó ó€€Ð ™ é  ÐÌÌò òÓÓÌC.€CIVIC€AND€CHARITABLE€ACTIVITIES.ó ó€€û€€€(û(3)€€Subject€to€theÐ þN  Ðfollowing€limitations€and€the€other€requirements€of€this€Code,ü€€€(üÏò òAó ó€û€€€(ûaü€€€(ü€judge€may€participate€ò òand€serveó ó€as€a€member,€û€€€(ûor€serve€asÐ ‚Ò Ðanü€€€(ü€officer,€director,€trustee,€or€non-legal€advisor€of€anÏeducational,€religious,€charitable,€fraternal,€law-relatedû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€orÏcivic€organization€not€conducted€for€ò òthe€economic€oró ó€politicalÐ È Ðadvantage€ò òof€its€membersó ó€û€€€(ûor€profitü€€€(üò ò,€subject€to€the€followingÐ ŠÚ Ðprovisionsó ó:Ð Lœ ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûSee€Comment€to€Canon€4B€regarding€use€of€the€phraseÏð ðsubject€to€the€following€limitations€and€the€otherÏrequirements€of€this€Code.ðð€€As€an€example€of€the€meaning€ofÏthe€phrase,€a€judge€permitted€by€Canon€4C€(3)€to€serve€on€theÏboard€of€a€fraternal€institution€may€be€prohibited€from€suchÏservice€by€Canons€2C€or€4A€if€the€institution€practicesÏinvidious€discrimination€or€if€service€on€the€board€otherwiseÏcasts€reasonable€doubt€on€the€judgeððs€capacity€to€actÏimpartially€as€a€judge.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûService€by€a€judge€on€behalf€of€a€civic€or€charitableÏorganization€may€be€governed€by€other€provisions€of€Canon€4€inÏaddition€to€Canon€4C.€€For€example,€a€judge€is€prohibited€byÏCanon€4G€from€serving€as€a€legal€advisor€to€a€civic€orÏcharitable€organization.ü€€€(üÐ -n(. ЇÓÓà  àò ò(1)ó ó€û€€€(û(a)ü€€€(ü€€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€participate€ò òandó ó€û€€€(ûas€aÐ ° Ðmember€orü€€€(ü€serve€û€€€(ûas€an€officer,€director,€trustee,€or€non„legalÏadvisor€of€such€organizationü€€€(ü€if€it€is€likely€that€theÏorganization:€Ìà  à€€€€€ò ò(a)€will€be€engaged€in€proceedings€that€wouldÐ ¸  Ðordinarily€come€before€the€judge;ó ó€Ð z Ê  Ðà  àà ` àò ò(b)ó ó€û€€€(û(i)ü€€€(ü€€will€be€regularly€engaged€in€adversaryÐ <Œ  Ðproceedings€in€any€court;€or€Ìà  àà ` àò ò(c)ó ó€û€€€(û(ii)ü€€€(ü€€deals€with€people€who€are€referred€to€theÐ À Ðorganization€by€ò òtheó ó€û€€€(ûanyü€€€(ü€court€ò òon€which€the€judge€serves€or€whoÐ ‚Ò Ðotherwise€may€likely€come€before€that€courtó ó.€€Ð D” ÐÓÓÌà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€€The€changing€nature€of€some€organizations€and€of€theirÏrelationship€to€the€law€makes€it€necessary€for€a€judgeÏregularly€to€reexamine€the€activities€of€each€organizationÏwith€which€a€judge€is€affiliated€to€determine€if€it€is€properÏto€continue€a€relationship€with€it.€€For€example,€in€manyÏjurisdictions€charitable€organizations€are€now€more€frequentlyÏin€court€than€in€the€past€or€make€policy€decisions€that€mayÏhave€political€significance€or€imply€commitment€to€causes€thatÏmay€come€before€the€courts€for€adjudication.€€ÌÌà  àAs€a€judicial€officer€and€person€specially€learned€in€theÏlaw,€a€judge€is€in€a€unique€position€to€contribute€to€theÏimprovement€of€the€law,€the€legal€system,€and€theÏadministration€of€justice,€including€revision€of€substantiveÏand€procedural€law€and€the€improvement€of€criminal€andÏjuvenile€justice.€€To€the€extent€that€time€permits,€a€judge€isÏencouraged€to€do€so,€either€independently€or€through€a€barÏassociation,€judicial€conference,€or€other€organizationÏdedicated€to€the€improvement€of€the€law.€€ÌÌÓÓà  àò ò(2)ó ó€û€€€(û(b)ü€€€(ü€€ò òA€judge€should€not€solicit€funds€for€any€suchÐ =,'- Ðorganization,€or€use€or€permit€the€use€of€the€prestige€of€theÏjudge's€office€for€that€purpose,€but€a€judge€may€be€listed€asÏan€officer,€director,€or€trustee€of€the€organization.€€A€judgeÏmay€make€recommendations€to€public€and€private€fund€grantingÏagencies€on€projects€and€programs€of€which€the€judge€hasÏpersonal€knowledge€and€which€concern€the€law,€the€legalÏsystem,€or€the€administration€of€justice.ó ó€A€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(üÐ <Œ  Ðnot€ò òbeó ó€û€€€(ûparticipate€asü€€€(ü€a€speaker€or€û€€€(ûasü€€€(ü€the€guest€of€honor€at€ò òanÐ þN  Ðorganization'só ó€û€€€(ûaü€€€(ü€fund€raising€eventò òs,€but€may€attend€suchÐ À Ðeventsó ó€û€€€(ûof€a€civic€or€charitable€organization€unless€theÐ ‚Ò Ðorganization€is€one€that€is€devoted€to€the€improvement€of€theÏò òlawó ó,€the€legal€system,€or€the€administration€of€justice€and€isÐ V Ðnot€conducted€for€the€political€advantage€or€profit€of€itsÏmembersü€€€(ü.Ìà  àû€€€(û(c)€€A€judge€as€an€officer,€director,€trustee,€or€non„¼legal€advisor,€or€as€a€member€or€otherwise:ü€€€(üÌà  àà ` àû€€€(û(i)€may€assist€such€an€organization€in€planningÏfund„raising€and€may€participate€in€the€management€andÏinvestment€of€the€organizationððs€funds,€but€shall€notÏpersonally€participate€in€the€solicitation€of€funds€or€otherÏfund„raising€activities,€except€that€a€judge€may€solicit€fundsÏfrom€other€judges€over€whom€the€judge€does€not€exerciseÏsupervisory€or€appellate€authority;ü€€€(üÌà  àà ` àû€€€(û(ii)€may€make€recommendations€to€public€and€privateÐ 8-ˆ(. Ðfund„granting€organizations€on€projects€and€programsÏconcerning€the€ò òlawó ó,€the€legal€system,€or€the€administration€ofÐ r Ðjustice;ü€€€(üÌà  àà ` àû€€€(û(iii)€shall€not€personally€participate€in€membershipÏsolicitation€if€the€solicitation€might€reasonably€be€perceivedÏas€coercive€or,€except€as€permitted€in€Canon€4C€(3)(c)(i),€ifÏthe€membership€solicitation€is€essentially€a€fund„raisingÏmechanism;ü€€€(üÌà  àà ` àû€€€(û(iv)€take€reasonable€measures€to€assure€that€theÏorganization€shall€not€use€or€permit€the€use€of€the€prestigeÏof€judicial€office€for€fund„raising€or€membershipÏsolicitation.ü€€€(üÌÓÓò òÌCommittee€note.„€The€first€paragraph€of€sec.€C€is€derived€fromÏABA€Canons€4€C€and€5€B,€current€Md.€Ethics€Rule€9€and€theÏCommittee€note€to€current€Md.€Ethics€Rule€9.ó ó€€Ð …Õ ÐÌà  àò òSecs.€4€C€(1)€(a)€and€(b)€are€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5€BÐ G— Ð(1).ó ó€€Ð (x ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4€C€(1)€(c)€is€derived€from€a€series€of€rulings€byÐ ê :  Ðthe€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Committee.€See€Opinion€No.€6€(issuedÏ3/1/72),€No.€35€(issued€10/3/75),€and€No.€75€(issued€9/13/79)Ïand€Unreported€Opinion€No.€81-15€(issued€2/16/82)€and€No.€82-7Ï(issued€4/26/82).ó ó€€Ð n$¾$ ÐÌà  àò òThe€first€paragraph€of€the€Commentary€to€sec.€4€C€(1)€isÐ 0&€!& Ðderived€from€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€5€B.ó ó€€Ð 'a"' ÐÌà  àò òThe€second€paragraph€of€the€Commentary€to€sec.€4€C€(1)€isÐ Ó(#$) Ðderived€from€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€4€C.ó ó€€Ð ´)%* ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4€C€(2)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5€B€(2),€ABA€CanonÐ v+Æ&, Ð4€C,€current€Md.€Canon€XXIV,€current€Md.€Ethics€Rule€9€and€isÏconsistent€with€numerous€opinions€issued€by€the€JudicialÐ 8-ˆ(. ÐEthics€Committee,€with€one€exception:€Judicial€Ethics€OpinionÏNo.€6€(issued€3/1/72)€and€No.€59€(issued€11/30/77)€requireÏthat€the€name€of€the€judge€be€omitted€as€an€officer€orÏdirector€in€any€campaign€literature€for€that€organization.€ABAÏCanon€4€C€permits€a€judge€to€assist€in€fund€raising€for€aÏlaw-related€organization,€provided€the€judge€does€notÏpersonally€participate€in€"public"€fund€raising€activities.ÏThe€Committee€believes€that€the€dangers€inherent€in€a€judge'sÏparticipation€in€civic€and€charitable€fund€raising€are€equallyÏapplicable€to€fund€raising,€public€or€private,€for€law-relatedÏorganizations.€Notwithstanding€these€prohibitions,€the€judgeÏmay€still€participate€in€"purely€internal€discussions€andÏdecisions€within€the€confines€of€the€governing€board"€relatingÏto€fund€raising€activities.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€89Ï(issued€11/25/80).ó ó€€Ð þN  ÐÌà  àò òABA€Canon€5€B€(3)€provides€that€a€judge€should€not€giveÐ À Ðinvestment€advice€to€a€non-profit€organization,€but€may€serveÏon€its€board€of€directors€or€trustees€even€though€it€has€theÏresponsibility€for€approving€investment€decisions.€The€ABAÏrationale€for€this€prohibition€is€to€avoid€attributing€to€€theÏjudge€a€fiduciary's€interest€in€the€organization's€investmentÏportfolio,€which€could€result€in€the€judge's€recusal€in€a€caseÏinvolving€such€investments.€This€provision€is€unnecessary,Ïsince€proposed€Maryland€Canon€3€C€(3)(c)(ii)€provides€that€aÏjudge's€office€in€a€non-profit€organization€is€not€aÏ"financial€interest"€in€securities€held€by€the€organization.ÏMoreover,€there€are€many€other€types€of€decisions€that€a€judgeÏwould€make€as€a€board€member€which€would€require€recusal€in€aÏparticular€matter,€but€which€are€not€specifically€dealt€withÏin€these€canons.ó ó€€Ð ^ ÐÌÌà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€may€solicit€membership€or€endorse€or€encourageÏmembership€efforts€for€an€organization€devoted€to€theÏimprovement€of€the€law,€the€legal€system,€or€theÏadministration€of€justice€or€a€nonprofit€educational,Ïreligious,€charitable,€fraternal,€or€civic€organization€asÏlong€as€the€solicitation€cannot€reasonably€be€perceived€asÏcoercive€and€is€not€essentially€a€fund„raising€mechanism.€ÏSolicitation€of€funds€for€an€organization€and€solicitation€ofÏmemberships€similarly€involve€the€danger€that€the€personÏsolicited€will€feel€obligated€to€respond€favorably€to€theÏsolicitor€if€the€solicitor€is€in€a€position€of€influence€orÏcontrol.€€A€judge€must€not€engage€in€direct,€individualÐ -n(. Ðsolicitation€of€funds€or€memberships€in€person,€in€writing€orÏby€telephone€except€in€the€following€cases:€(1)€a€judge€mayÏsolicit€for€funds€or€memberships€other€judges€over€whom€theÏjudge€does€not€exercise€supervisory€or€appellate€authority,Ï(2)€a€judge€may€solicit€other€persons€for€membership€in€theÏorganizations€described€above€if€neither€those€persons€norÏpersons€with€whom€they€are€affiliated€are€likely€ever€toÏappear€before€the€court€on€which€the€judge€serves€and€(3)€aÏjudge€who€is€an€officer€of€such€an€organization€may€send€aÏgeneral€membership€solicitation€mailing€over€the€judgeððsÏsignature.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûUse€of€an€organization€letterhead€for€fund„raising€orÏmembership€solicitation€does€not€violate€Canon€4C€(3)(c)Ïprovided€the€letterhead€lists€only€the€judgeððs€name€and€officeÏor€other€position€in€the€organization,€and,€if€comparableÏdesignations€are€listed€for€other€persons,€the€judgeððsÏjudicial€designation.€€In€addition,€a€judge€must€also€makeÏreasonable€efforts€to€ensure€that€the€judgeððs€staff,€courtÏofficials,€and€others€subject€to€the€judgeððs€direction€andÏcontrol€do€not€solicit€funds€on€the€judgeððs€behalf€for€anyÏpurpose,€charitable€or€otherwise.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûAlthough€a€judge€is€not€permitted€to€be€a€speaker€orÏguest€of€honor€at€a€fund„raising€event,€this€Canon€does€notÏprohibit€the€judge€from€attending€the€event.ü€€€(üÌÌÌÓÓÌD.€FINANCIAL€ACTIVITIES.-€€€Ìà  à(1)€A€judge€ò òshould€refrain€fromó ó€û€€€(ûshall€not€engage€inü€€€(üÐ Ð   Ðfinancial€and€business€dealings€thatû€€€(û:ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(a)ü€€€(ü€ò òuseó ó€û€€€(ûmay€reasonably€be€perceived€to€exploitü€€€(ü€theÐ T$¤$ Ðjudge's€û€€€(ûjudicialü€€€(ü€positionû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€or€Ìà  àû€€€(û(b)ü€€€(ü€involve€the€judge€in€frequent€transactions€û€€€(ûorÏcontinuing€business€relationshipsü€€€(ü€with€û€€€(ûthoseü€€€(ü€lawyers€or€û€€€(ûotherü€€€(üÏpersons€likely€to€come€before€the€court€on€which€the€judgeÏserves.Ð -n(. ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€must€avoid€financial€and€business€dealings€thatÏinvolve€the€judge€in€frequent€transactions€or€continuingÏbusiness€relationships€with€persons€likely€to€come€eitherÏbefore€the€judge€personally€or€before€other€judges€on€theÏjudgeððs€court.€€In€addition,€a€judge€should€discourage€membersÏof€the€judgeððs€family€from€engaging€in€dealings€that€wouldÏreasonably€appear€to€exploit€the€judgeððs€judicial€position.€ÏThis€Rule€is€necessary€to€avoid€creating€an€appearance€ofÏexploitation€of€office€or€favoritism€and€to€minimize€theÏpotential€for€recusal.€€With€respect€to€affiliation€ofÏrelatives€of€the€judge€with€law€firms€appearing€before€theÏjudge,€see€Comment€to€Canon€3C€(1)€relating€to€recusal.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûParticipation€by€a€judge€in€financial€and€businessÏdealings€is€subject€to€the€general€prohibitions€in€Canon€4AÏagainst€activities€that€tend€to€reflect€adversely€onÏimpartiality,€demean€the€judicial€office,€or€interfere€withÏthe€proper€performance€of€judicial€duties.€€Such€participationÏis€also€subject€to€the€general€prohibition€in€Canon€2€againstÏactivities€involving€impropriety€or€the€appearance€ofÏimpropriety€and€the€prohibition€in€Canon€2B€against€the€misuseÏof€the€prestige€of€judicial€office.€€In€addition,€a€judge€mustÏmaintain€high€standards€of€conduct€in€all€of€the€judgeððsÏactivities,€as€set€forth€in€Canon€1.€€See€Comment€to€Canon€4BÏregarding€use€of€the€phrase€ð ðsubject€to€the€requirements€ofÏthis€Code.ððü€€€(üÌÌÓÓà  à(2)€û€€€(ûSubject€to€the€requirements€of€this€Code,ü€€€(ü€ò òAó ó€û€€€(ûaü€€€(ü€judgeÐ -} Ðmay€hold€and€manage€investments,€including€real€estate,€andÏengage€in€other€remunerative€activity€except€that€a€full-timeÏjudge€shall€not€hold€any€office€or€directorship€in€any€publicÏutility,€bank,€savings€and€loan€association,€lendingÏinstitution,€insurance€company,€or€any€other€businessÏcorporation€or€enterprise€or€venture€which€is€affected€with€aÏpublic€interest.Ìà  àò ò(3)€€A€judge€should€manage€investments€and€otherÐ =,'- Ðfinancial€interests€to€minimize€the€number€of€cases€in€whichÏrecusal€would€be€required.€€As€soon€as€practicable€withoutÏserious€financial€detriment,€the€judge€should€dispose€ofÏinvestments€and€other€financial€interests€that€might€requireÏfrequent€recusal.ó ó€€Ð ¸  Ðà  àò ò(4)€Information€acquired€by€a€judge€in€his€or€herÐ z Ê  Ðjudicial€capacity€should€not€be€used€or€disclosed€by€the€judgeÏin€financial€dealings€or€for€any€other€purpose€not€related€toÏthe€judge's€judicial€duties.ó ó€€Ð À ÐÓÓÌò òCommittee€note:€€Sec.€4€D€(1)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5€CÐ c³ Ð(1)€and€current€Md.€Canon€XXV.ó ó€€Ð D” ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4€D€(2)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5€C€(2)€andÐ V Ðcurrent€Md.€Ethics€Rule€6.€However,€ABA€Canon€5€C€(2)Ïprohibits€a€judge€from€serving€as€an€officer,€director,Ïmanager,€advisor,€or€employee€of€any€€business.€Only€8€statesÏhave€adopted€that€version€without€any€change,€and€7€statesÏhave€adopted€a€slightly€modified€version.€€Sec.€4€D€(2)Ïcontinues€the€present€practice€provided€in€current€Md.€EthicsÏRule€6€and€has€been€substantially€adopted€in€at€least€15Ïstates.€€At€least€2€other€states€are€more€permissive.€€SevenÏstates€only€allow€a€judge€to€participate€in€a€"family"Ïbusiness€or€"closely€held€business."ó ó€€Ð Ð   ÐÌ€€€€€ò òSec.€4€D€(3)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5€C€(3)€andÐ ’"â" Ðcurrent€Md.€Canon€XXV.ó ó€€Ð s#Ã# ÐÌ€€€€€ò òSec.€4€D€(4)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5€C€(7)€andÐ 5%… % Ðcurrent€Md.€Canon€XXV.ó ó€€Ð &f!& ÐÌÌÌÓÓò òE.€COMPENSATION€AND€EXPENSE€REIMBURSEMENT.-ó ó€Ð š)ê$* Ðà  àò òA€judge€may€receive€compensation€and€reimbursement€ofÐ \+¬&, Ðexpenses€for€activities€permitted€by€this€€Code,€subject€toÐ -n(. Ðthe€following€restrictions:ó ó€€Ð ° Ðà  àò ò(1)€Compensation€should€not€exceed€a€reasonable€amountÐ r Ðnor€should€it€exceed€what€a€person€who€is€not€a€judge€wouldÏreceive€for€the€same€activity.ó ó€€Ð ö F Ðà  àò ò(2)€Expense€reimbursement€should€be€limited€to€the€actualÐ ¸  Ðcost€of€travel,€food€and€lodging€reasonably€incurred€by€theÏjudge€and,€where€appropriate€to€the€occasion,€by€the€judge'sÏspouse.€Any€payment€in€excess€of€such€an€amount€isÏcompensation.ó ó€€Ð À ÐÓÓò òCommittee€Note:€€This€is€found€in€ABA€Canon€6€A€and€6€B€but€isÐ ‚Ò Ðplaced€here€because€it€is€related€to€the€financial€activitiesÏof€a€judge.ó óÐ D” ÐÌÌÓÓò òF.€GIFTS.-ó 󀀀Рç7 Ðà  àò ò(1)ó ó€û€€€(û(3)ü€€€(ü€€A€judge€ò òmust€be€especially€careful€in€acceptingÐ ©ù Ðgifts,€favors,€and€loans€from€persons€not€in€the€judge'sÏimmediate€family.€€However€innocently€intended,€gifts€andÏfavors€from€such€persons,€especially€gifts€and€favors€havingÏsubstantial€monetary€value,€may€create€an€appearance€that€theÏjudge€could€be€improperly€beholden€to€the€donor.€€Subject€toÏthis€caveat,€and€except€as€otherwise€prohibited€or€limited€byÏlaw€or€these€canons,€a€judge€may€acceptó ó€û€€€(ûshall€not€accept,€andÐ ÷&G"' Ðshall€urge€ò òmembers€of€the€judgeððs€family€residing€in€theÐ ¹( $) Ðjudgeððs€householdó ó€not€to€accept,€a€gift,€bequest,€favor,€orÐ •*å%+ Ðloan€from€anyone€except€forü€€€(ü:Ð q,Á'- ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûCanon€4D€(3)€does€not€apply€to€contributions€to€a€judgeððsÏcampaign€for€judicial€office,€a€matter€governed€by€Canon€5.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€should€be€especially€careful€in€accepting€gifts,Ïfavors,€and€loans€from€persons€not€in€the€judgeððs€immediateÏfamily.€€However€innocently€intended,€gifts€and€favors€fromÏsuch€persons,€especially€gifts€and€favors€having€substantialÏmonetary€value,€may€create€an€appearance€that€the€judge€couldÏbe€improperly€beholden€to€the€donor.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûBecause€a€gift,€bequest,€favor,€or€loan€to€a€member€ofÏthe€judgeððs€family€residing€in€the€judgeððs€household€might€beÏviewed€as€intended€to€influence€the€judge,€a€judge€must€informÏthose€family€members€of€the€relevant€ethical€constraints€uponÏthe€judge€in€this€regard€and€discourage€those€family€membersÏfrom€violating€them.€€A€judge€cannot,€however,€reasonably€beÏexpected€to€know€or€control€all€of€the€financial€or€businessÏactivities€of€all€family€members€residing€in€the€judgeððsÏhousehold.ü€€€(üÌÌÌÓÓà  à(a)€a€gift€incident€to€a€public€testimonialû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€ò òoró ó€booksû€€€(û,Ð ç7 Ðtapes,€and€other€resource€materialsü€€€(ü€supplied€by€publishers€onÏa€complimentary€basis€for€official€useû€€€(û,€or€an€invitation€toÏthe€judge€and€the€judgeððs€spouse€or€guest€to€attend€a€bar„¼related€function€or€an€activity€devoted€to€the€improvement€ofÏthe€ò òlawó ó,€the€legal€system,€or€the€administration€of€justiceü€€€(ü;Ð ±!! ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûAcceptance€of€an€invitation€to€a€law„related€function€isÏgoverned€by€Canon€4D€(3)(a);€acceptance€of€an€invitation€paidÏfor€by€an€individual€lawyer€or€group€of€lawyers€is€governed€byÏCanon€4D€(3)(h).ü€€€(üÌ̛Р ´)%* Ðà  àû€€€(ûA€judge€may€accept€a€public€testimonial€or€a€giftÏincident€thereto€only€if€the€donor€organization€is€not€anÏorganization€whose€members€comprise€or€frequently€representÏthe€same€side€in€litigation,€and€the€testimonial€and€gift€areÏotherwise€in€compliance€with€other€provisions€of€this€Code.€ÏSee€Canons€¢4A£€(1)€and€¢2B£.ü€€€(üÌÌÌÓÓà  àû€€€(û(b)€a€gift,€award,€or€benefit€incident€to€the€business,Ïprofession,€or€other€separate€activity€of€a€spouse€or€otherÏfamily€member€of€a€judge€residing€in€the€judgeððs€household,Ïincluding€gifts,€awards,€and€benefits€for€the€use€of€both€theÏspouse€or€other€family€member€and€the€judge€(as€spouse€orÏfamily€member),€provided€the€gift,€award,€or€benefit€could€notÏreasonably€be€perceived€as€intended€to€influence€the€judge€inÏthe€performance€of€judicial€duties;ü€€€(üÌà  àò ò(b)ó ó€û€€€(û(c)ü€€€(ü€€ordinary€social€hospitality;€€Ð È Ðà  àò ò(c)ó ó€û€€€(û(d)ü€€€(ü€€a€gift€from€a€ò òfriend€oró ó€relative€û€€€(ûor€friend,ü€€€(ü€ò òbyÐ ŠÚ Ðreason€of€someó ó€û€€€(ûfor€aü€€€(ü€special€occasion,€such€as€a€wedding,Ð Lœ Ðanniversary,€û€€€(ûorü€€€(ü€birthday,€ò òand€the€like,ó ó€if€the€gift€is€fairlyÐ ^ Ðcommensurate€with€the€ò ònature€of€the€occasion€and€theÐ Ð   Ðfriendship€oró ó€û€€€(ûoccasion€and€theü€€€(ü€relationship;€Ð ’"â" ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûA€gift€to€a€judge,€or€to€a€member€of€the€judgeððs€familyÏliving€in€the€judgeððs€household,€that€is€excessive€in€valueÏraises€questions€about€the€judgeððs€impartiality€and€theÏintegrity€of€the€judicial€office€and€might€require€recusal€ofÏthe€judge€where€recusal€would€not€otherwise€be€required.€€See,Ïhowever,€Canon€¢4D£€(3)(e).ü€€€(üÌ€ÌÓÓà  àò ò(d)ó ó€û€€€(û(e)ü€€€(ü€€a€gift,€û€€€(ûbequest,ü€€€(ü€favor,€or€loan€from€a€relativeÐ =,'- Ðor€close€personal€friend€whose€appearance€ò òbefore€the€judge€orÐ ° Ðwhose€interest€in€a€case€would€require€a€recusal€under€Canon€3ÏCó ó€û€€€(ûor€interest€in€a€case€would€in€any€event€ò òrequireó ó€a€recusalÐ 4„ Ðunder€Canon€¢3C£ü€€€(ü;€€Ìà  àò ò(e)€a€scholarship€or€fellowship€awarded€on€the€same€termsÐ Ò " Ðapplied€to€other€applicants;ó ó€€Ð ” ä  Ðà  à(f)€a€loan€from€a€lending€institution€in€its€regularÏcourse€of€business€on€the€same€terms€generally€available€toÏpersons€who€are€not€judgesò ò.ó óû€€€(û;ü€€€(üÐ Ú* Ðà  àû€€€(û(g)€a€scholarship€or€fellowship€awarded€on€the€same€termsÏand€based€on€the€same€criteria€applied€to€other€applicants;€orü€€€(ü€ÏÌà  àò ò(2)ó ó€û€€€(û(h)ü€€€(ü€€ò òThe€standards€set€forth€in€subsection€(1)€ofÐ â2 Ðthis€section€also€apply€to€gifts,€favors,€and€loans€offered€toÏmembers€of€the€judge's€family€who€reside€in€the€judge'sÏhousehold.€For€purposes€of€this€Canon€and€absent€extraordinaryÏcircumstances,€gifts,€favors€and€loans€accepted€by€such€familyÏmembers€shall€be€considered€to€be€accepted€by€the€judgeó ó€û€€€(ûanyÐ ¬"ü" Ðother€gift,€bequest,€favor,€or€loan,€only€if:€€the€donor€isÏnot€a€party€or€other€person€who€has€come€or€is€likely€to€comeÏor€whose€interests€have€come€or€are€likely€to€come€before€theÏjudge;€and,€if€its€value€exceeds€$150.00,€the€judge€reports€itÏon€the€judgeððs€financial€disclosure€statement€in€accordanceÏwith€Rule€16„815ü€€€(ü.€€Ð 8-ˆ(. ÐœÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌà  àò òThis€section€relating€to€gifts€does€not€apply€toÐ r Ðcontributions€to€a€judge's€campaign€for€judicial€office,€aÏmatter€governed€by€Canon€5.ó ó€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àò òJudges€are€often€invited€by€lawyers€or€other€persons€toÐ ö F Ðattend€social,€educational,€or€recreational€functions.€In€mostÏcases,€such€invitations€would€fall€within€the€realm€ofÏordinary€social€hospitality€and€may€be€accepted€by€the€judge.ÏIf€there€is€more€than€a€token€fee€for€admission€to€theÏfunction,€however,€unless€the€fee€is€waived€by€theÏorganization,€the€judge€should€pay€the€fee€and€not€permit€aÏlawyer€or€other€person€to€pay€it€on€the€judge's€behalf.ó ó€€Ð m  ÐÌà  àû€€€(ûCanon€4D€(3)(h)€prohibits€judges€from€accepting€gifts,Ïfavor,€bequests,€or€loans€from€lawyers€or€their€firms€if€theyÏhave€come€or€are€likely€to€come€before€the€judge;€it€alsoÏprohibits€gifts,€favors,€bequests,€or€loans€from€clients€ofÏlawyers€or€their€firms€when€the€clientsðð€interests€have€comeÏor€are€likely€to€come€before€the€judge.šü€€€(üÌÌÌò òCommittee€note:€€Sec.€4F€(1)€is€new€language€not€found€inÐ ç7 Ðeither€the€ABA€Code€or€the€current€Md.€Canons.ó ó€€Ð È ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4€F€(1)€(a)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)€(a).ó óÐ ŠÚ ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4€F€(1)€(b)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)€(b).ó óÐ Lœ ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4€F€(1)€(c)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)€(b);Ð ^ Ðbut€that€provision€allows€a€judge€to€receive€a€wedding€orÏengagement€gift€from€anyone,€which€the€Committee€believes€isÏoverly€broad.€€ÌSec.€4F€(1)€(d)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)€(c),€currentÏMd.€Canon€XXXI,€and€current€Md.€Ethics€Rule€7.€€Those€ABA€andÏMd.€provisions€allow€a€judge€to€receive€any€gift€from€anyÏdonor€who€is€not€a€party€or€other€person€whose€interests€haveÏcome€or€are€likely€to€come€before€the€judge.€€The€CommitteeÏbelieves€these€provisions€are€too€permissive,€since€it€isÏdifficult€to€know€if€a€person's€interests€will€be€submitted€toÏthe€judge€in€the€future,€and€since€it€is€unseemly€and€perhapsÏsuspicious€for€a€judge€to€accept€gifts€for€no€apparent€reasonÏfrom€persons€with€whom€the€judge€has€little€or€no€connectionÏor€relationship.€This€provision€allows€a€judge€to€receive€anyÏtype€of€gift€from€relatives€and€close€personal€friends€whoÏcould€not€appear€before€the€judge.ó ó€€Ð -n(. Ї€€€€€ò òSec.€4F€(1)(e)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)(b).ó ó€€Ð ° ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4F€(1)(f)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)(b).ó ó€€Ð r ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4F€(2)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)(b),€exceptÐ 4„ Ðthat€the€phrase€"absent€extraordinary€circumstances"€has€beenÏadded.ó ó€€Ð ö F ÐÌà  àò òThe€first€sentence€of€the€Commentary€following€sec.€4FÐ ¸  Ð(2)€is€derived€from€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€5C€(4)€andÏfrom€current€Md.€Ethics€Rule€7.€€The€remainder€of€thatÏCommentary€is€new€and€provides€guidance€as€to€the€scope€ofÏ"ordinary€social€hospitality"€as€used€in€sec.€4€F€(1)€(b).€ItÏis€consistent€with€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€91€(issuedÏ3/2/81),€which€permits€a€judge€to€accept€an€invitation€by€aÏbar€association€to€a€bar€association€function€which€otherwiseÏrequires€a€paid€ticket€of€admission;€and€Md.€Judicial€EthicsÏOpinion€No.€102€(issued€3/21/84),€which€allows€a€judge€toÏaccept€an€invitation€of€an€attorney€to€a€bar€association€orÏother€social€function€where€an€admission€fee€is€not€chargedÏprovided€that€"there€is€no€reason€to€suspect€that€the€attorneyÏwill€attempt€to€use€the€judge's€presence€for€any€inappropriateÏpurpose."€ABA€Canon€5€C€(4)€(a)€allows€a€judge€to€accept€anÏinvitation€from€anyone€to€a€bar-related€function€or€activityÏeven€if€the€inviter€pays€the€admission€fee€for€the€judges.ó ó€€Ð È ÐÌÌÌÓÓò òG.ó ó€û€€€(ûE.ü€€€(ü€ò òFIDUCIARYó ó€ACTIVITIES.-€Ð Lœ Ðà  àû€€€(û(1)ü€€€(ü€ò òA€judge€should€not€serve€as€a€fiduciary€except€in€theÐ (x Ðfollowing€instances.€A€judge€may€serve€as€a€personalÏrepresentative€(executor€or€administrator)€or€specialÏadministrator€of€the€estate€of€a€decedent,€as€a€trustee€of€aÏtrust,€as€a€custodian,€as€a€guardian,€or€as€an€attorney€inÏfact€but€only€where€the€judge€is€spouse,€the€surviving€spouseÏor€is€related€within€the€third€degree€(according€to€the€civilÏlaw€€system)€to€the€decedent,€grantor,€minor€or€disabledÏperson.€A€judge€actually€serving€as€a€trustee€of€a€trust€onÐ 8-ˆ(. ÐDecember€31,€1969,€may€continue€to€serve€even€if€not€withinÏthe€required€degree€of€relationship.€In€extraordinary€cases,€aÏjudge€may€serve€as€guardian€or€attorney€in€fact€for€any€otherÏperson€with€whom€the€judge€maintains€a€close€familialÏrelationship,€but€only€if€there€is€no€other€person€ready,Ïwilling€and€able€to€serve€in€that€capacity.€While€acting€as€aÏfiduciary€a€judge€is€subject€to€the€same€restrictions€onÏfinancial€activities€that€apply€to€the€judge€personally.ó ó€€û€€€(ûAÐ þN  Ðjudge€shall€not€serve€as€executor,€administrator,€or€otherÏpersonal€representative,€trustee,€guardian,€attorney€in€fact,Ïor€other€ò òfiduciaryó ó,€except€for€the€estate,€trust,€or€person€ofÐ D” Ða€member€of€the€judgeððs€family€subject€to€the€requirements€ofÏthis€Code.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(2)€A€judge€shall€not€agree€to€serve€as€a€ò òfiduciaryó ó€if€itÐ ¤ô Ðis€likely€that€the€judge€as€a€ò òfiduciaryó ó€will€be€engaged€inÐ €Ð Ðproceedings€that€would€ordinarily€come€before€the€judge,€or€ifÏthe€estate,€trust,€or€ward€becomes€involved€in€adversaryÏproceedings€in€the€court€on€which€the€judge€serves€or€oneÏunder€its€appellate€jurisdiction.ü€€€(üÌà  àû€€€(û(3)€The€same€restrictions€on€financial€activities€thatÏapply€to€a€judge€personally€also€apply€to€the€judge€whileÏacting€in€a€ò òfiduciaryó ó€capacity.ü€€€(üÐ è)8%* ÐÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÐ ¥,õ'- Ѐ€€€€€ò òA€judge's€obligation€under€this€canon€and€as€a€fiduciaryÐ ° Ðmay€come€into€conflict.€For€example,€a€judge€should€resign€asÏtrustee€if€it€would€result€in€detriment€to€the€trust€to€divestÏit€of€holdings€whose€retention€would€place€the€judge€inÏviolation€of€Canon€4€D€(3).ó ó€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àû€€€(ûThe€Time€for€Compliance€provision€of€this€Code€(Canon€6D)Ïpostpones€the€time€for€compliance€with€certain€provisions€ofÏthis€Canon€in€some€cases.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûThe€restrictions€imposed€by€this€Canon€may€conflict€withÏthe€judgeððs€obligation€as€a€fiduciary.€€For€example,€a€judgeÏshould€resign€as€trustee€if€detriment€to€the€trust€wouldÏresult€from€divestiture€of€holdings€the€retention€of€whichÏwould€place€the€judge€in€violation€of€Canon€4D€(5).ü€€€(üÌÌCommittee€note.„€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€ò ò4Gó ó€û€€€(û4Eü€€€(ü€is€derived€from€ABA€CanonÐ À Ðò ò5D,€with€substantial€modificationsó ó€û€€€(û4Eü€€€(ü.€Secs.€5-105€(b)€(5)€andÐ ¡ñ Ð14-104€of€Md.€Code€Ann.,€Estates€and€Trusts€Article,€prohibitÏa€judge€from€serving€as€a€personal€representative€or€trusteeÏfor€someone€who€is€not€a€spouse€or€related€within€the€thirdÏdegree€(although€a€judge€serving€as€trustee€as€of€12/31/69€isÏallowed€to€continue€in€that€capacity).€Maryland€law€and€theÏexisting€Maryland€canons€do€not€prohibit€a€judge€from€servingÏas€any€other€type€of€fiduciary€for€anyone.€(Judicial€EthicsÏOpinion€No.€60€erroneously€assumes€that€Maryland€statutory€lawÏprohibits€a€judge€from€serving€as€a€guardian€of€the€propertyÏof€a€disabled€person.€But€see€Unreported€Opinion€Docket€No.Ï82-10).€€û€€€(ûIf€a€judge€serving€as€a€fiduciary€is€involved€inÏlitigation,€the€judge€shall€not€participate€in€a€proceeding€inÏwhich€the€judgeððs€impartiality€might€reasonably€be€questioned.€ÏSee€Canon€3C.ü€€€(ü€€ò òABA€Canon€5€D€allows€a€judge€to€serve€as€aÐ ï? Ðfiduciary€only€for€a€"spouse,€child,€grandchild,€parent,Ïgrandparent,€or€other€relative€or€person€with€whom€the€judgeÏmaintains€a€close€familial€relationship."€As€can€be€seen,€theÏABA€canon€is€more€permissive€than€Maryland€law€as€to€personalÏrepresentatives€and€trustees,€but€is€more€restrictive€thanÏMaryland€law€or€existing€Maryland€canons€as€to€other€types€ofÏfiduciaries.€€The€Committee€believes€that€a€judge'sÏeligibility€as€a€fiduciary€should€be€very€limited,€because€ofÏthe€necessity€or€likelihood€of€the€judge€having€to€appear€inÏcourt€or€be€under€court€supervision€as€a€representative€of€aÏparty.€€The€limitations€imposed€by€the€legislature€as€toÏpersonal€representatives€and€trustees€appeared€to€theÏCommittee€to€be€appropriate€for€guardians€and€custodians.€€TheÏCommittee€recognizes€the€exceptional€situation€where€the€judgeÏshould€be€allowed€to€act€as€a€guardian€or€attorney€in€fact€›forÐ -n(. Ða€disabled€person€who€is€not€a€near€relative€but€with€whom€theÏjudge€has€a€close€relationship,€and€no€one€else€is€willing€toÏundertake€that€personal€responsibility.ó ó€€Ð r ÐÌ€€€€€ò òABA€Canon€¢5D£€(1)€provides€that€a€judge€"should€not€serveÐ 4„ Ðif€it€is€likely€that€as€a€fiduciary€he€will€be€engaged€inÏproceedings€that€would€ordinarily€come€before€him,€or€if€theÏestate,€trust,€or€ward€becomes€involved€in€adversaryÏproceedings€in€the€court€on€which€he€serves€or€one€under€itsÏappellate€jurisdiction."€€The€Committee€agrees€that€ordinarilyÏa€judge€should€not€undertake€a€fiduciary€position€if€adversaryÏproceedings€in€the€judge's€court€are€likely€to€occur;€however,Ïthe€Committee€believes€that€this€ABA€provision,€which€wouldÏrequire€resignation€whenever€the€estate€or€trust€becameÏinvolved€in€adversary€proceedings,€is€too€inflexible.ó ó€€Ð þN  ÐÌà  àThe€ò òCommentaryó ó€û€€€(ûCommentü€€€(ü€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€ò ò¢4G£ó ó€û€€€(û¢4E£ü€€€(ü€is€derivedÐ À Ðfrom€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢5D£ó ó€û€€€(û¢4E£ü€€€(ü.€€Ð ¡ñ ÐÌÌÓÓÌò òH.ó ó€û€€€(ûF.ü€€€(ü€€ò òARBITRATIONó ó€û€€€(ûSERVICE€AS€ARBITRATOR€OR€MEDIATORü€€€(ü.-€Ð V Ðà  àA€judge€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€act€as€an€arbitrator€or€mediatorÐ È Ðû€€€(ûor€otherwise€perform€judicial€functions€in€a€private€capacityÏunless€expressly€authorized€by€ò òlawó óü€€€(ü.€€Ð Lœ ÐÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€€€This€does€not€preclude€a€judge€from€participating€inÏsettlement€conferences.€If€by€reason€of€disclosure€made€duringÏor€as€a€result€of€the€conference,€the€judge's€impartialityÏmight€reasonably€be€questioned,€the€judge€should€not€furtherÏparticipate€in€the€matter.€See€Canon€3€C€(1).€€ÌÌà  àò òSec.€Hó ó€û€€€(ûCanon€¢4F£ü€€€(ü€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò¢5E£ó ó€û€€€(û¢4F£ü€€€(ü.€ò òCurrentó óÐ 0&€!& Ðû€€€(ûFormerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XXX€allows€a€judge€to€act€as€an€arbitrator€orÏmediator€pursuant€to€a€contract€in€force€on€January€1,€1975.ÏThe€Committee€assumes€that€no€such€contract€is€stillÏoperative.€If€otherwise,€the€judge€should€make€this€known€toÏthe€Committee.€€ÌÌò òCommittee€note.„€The€Commentary€to€sec.€H€is€new.ó óÐ W,§'- ÐÐ 8-ˆ(. ЇÌÓÓò òÐ  ‘á ÐI.ó ó€û€€€(ûG.ü€€€(ü€PRACTICE€OF€LAW.-Ð ° Ðà  àò ò(1)€(a)€Except€as€provided€in€subsection€(b),€aó ó€û€€€(û¢A£ü€€€(ü€judgeÐ r Ðò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€practice€law.€€û€€€(ûNotwithstanding€thisÐ 4„ Ðprohibition,€a€judge€may€act€pro€se€and€may,€withoutÏcompensation,€give€legal€advice€to€and€draft€or€reviewÏdocuments€for€a€member€of€the€judgeððs€family.ü€€€(ü€€Ìà  àò ò(b)€A€part-time€judge€of€the€Orphans'€Court€may€practiceÐ <Œ  Ðlaw€to€the€extent€permitted€by€law,€except€that€the€judgeÏshall€avoid€conduct€whereby€such€judicial€position€is€used€orÏseems€to€be€used€to€further€success€in€the€practice€of€law;Ïand€in€no€event€should€the€judge€practice€in€the€court€inÏwhich€the€judge€sits,€even€when€presided€over€by€anotherÏjudge,€nor€appear€therein€pro€se€in€any€controversy.ó ó€€Ð È Ðà  àò ò(2)€Prior€to€qualification€for€judicial€office,€a€judgeÐ ŠÚ Ðwho€intends€to€enter€into€an€agreement€under€ðð1-203€(b)€of€theÏMd.€Code€Ann.,€Courts€and€Judicial€Proceedings€Article,€forÏpayments€relating€to€the€judge's€former€law€practice€shouldÏsubmit€the€agreement€to€the€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€so€thatÏthe€Committee€may€review€it€as€to€the€reasonableness€of€theÏtime€provided€for€payments€to€be€made€under€the€agreement.€AÏpayment€period€limited€to€a€maximum€of€five€years€or€less€isÏpresumptively€reasonable.€A€longer€payment€period€is€permittedÏonly€with€the€Committee's€prior€approval€as€to€itsÏreasonableness.ó ó€€Ð -n(. Ðœà  àò ò(3)€An€agreement€entered€into€under€ðð1-203€(b)€of€Md.Ð ° ÐCode€Ann.,€Courts€and€Judicial€Proceedings€Article,€may€not€beÏamended€without€the€prior€approval€of€the€Judicial€EthicsÏCommittee.ó ó€€Ð ö F Ðà  àò ò(4)€These€subsections€are€applicable€to€any€agreementÐ ¸  Ðentered€into€under€ðð1-203€(b)€of€Md.€Code€Ann.,€Courts€andÏJudicial€Proceedings€Article,€on€and€after€July€1,€1981.ó ó€€Ð <Œ  ÐÓÓà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÌà  àû€€€(ûThis€prohibition€refers€to€the€practice€of€law€in€aÏrepresentative€capacity€and€not€in€a€pro€se€capacity.€€A€judgeÏmay€act€for€himself€or€herself€in€all€legal€matters,€includingÏmatters€involving€litigation€and€matters€involving€appearancesÏbefore€or€other€dealings€with€legislative€and€otherÏgovernmental€bodies.€€However,€in€so€doing,€a€judge€must€notÏabuse€the€prestige€of€office€to€advance€the€interests€of€theÏjudge€or€the€judgeððs€family.€€See€Canon€2B.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûThe€Code€allows€a€judge€to€give€legal€advice€to€and€draftÏlegal€documents€for€members€of€the€judgeððs€family,€so€long€asÏthe€judge€receives€no€compensation.€€A€judge€must€not,Ïhowever,€act€as€an€advocate€or€negotiator€for€a€member€of€theÏjudgeððs€family€in€a€legal€matter.ü€€€(üÌÌCommittee€note.„ò ò€Sec.€4I€(a)ó ó€û€€€(ûCanon€4Gü€€€(ü€is€derived€from€ABAÐ ï? ÐCanon€ò ò5Fó ó€û€€€(û4Gü€€€(ü€and€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XXX.€€Ð Ð   ÐÌà  àò òSec.€4€I€(b)€is€derived€from€paragraph€A€of€theÐ ’"â" ÐCompliance€Section€of€the€ABA€Code€and€current€Md.€Canon€XXX.ó ó€€Ð s#Ã# ÐÌà  àò òSecs.€4€I€(2),€(3),€and€(4)€are€derived€from€current€Md.Ð 5%… % ÐEthics€Rule€5A.€a.,€b.,€and€c.,€respectively.ó ó€€Ð &f!& ÐÌÌÌÓÓò òÌÌE.ó ó€û€€€(ûH.ü€€€(ü€€COMPENSATION€ò òAND€EXPENSEó ó€REIMBURSEMENT.„Ð -n(. Ðà  àA€judge€may€receive€compensation€and€reimbursement€ofÏexpenses€for€û€€€(ûextra„judicialü€€€(ü€activities€permitted€by€this€Code,Ìò òsubject€to€the€following€restrictionsó ó€û€€€(ûif€the€source€of€suchÐ 4„ Ðpayments€does€not€give€the€appearance€of€influencing€theÏjudgeððs€performance€of€judicial€duties€or€otherwise€give€theÏappearance€of€improprietyü€€€(ü:Ìà  àò ò(1)ó ó€û€€€(û(a)ü€€€(ü€€Compensation€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€exceed€aÐ <Œ  Ðreasonable€amount€nor€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€it€exceed€what€a€person€whoÐ þN  Ðis€not€a€judge€would€receive€for€the€same€activity.Ìà  àò ò(2)ó ó€û€€€(û(b)ü€€€(ü€€Expense€reimbursement€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€be€limited€toÐ ‚Ò Ðthe€actual€cost€of€travel,€foodû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€and€lodging€reasonablyÏincurred€by€the€judge€and,€where€appropriate€to€the€occasion,Ïby€the€judgeððs€spouse€û€€€(ûor€guestü€€€(ü.€€Any€payment€in€excess€of€suchÏan€amount€is€compensation.Ìà@77'ìàû€€€(ûCOMMENTü€€€(üˆÌÓÓà  àû€€€(ûThe€Code€does€not€prohibit€a€judge€from€acceptingÏhonoraria€or€speaking€fees€provided€that€the€compensation€isÏreasonable€and€commensurate€with€the€task€performed.€€A€judgeÏshould€ensure,€however,€that€no€conflicts€are€created€by€theÏarrangement.€€A€judge€must€not€appear€to€trade€on€the€judicialÏposition€for€personal€advantage.€€Nor€should€a€judge€spendÏsignificant€time€away€from€court€duties€to€meet€speaking€orÏwriting€commitments€for€compensation.€€In€addition,€the€sourceÏof€the€payment€must€not€raise€any€question€of€undue€influenceÏor€the€judgeððs€ability€or€willingness€to€be€impartial.ü€€€(üÌÌà  àû€€€(ûDisclosure€of€a€judgeððs€income,€debts,€investments,€orÏother€assets€is€required€only€to€the€extent€provided€in€thisÏCanon€and€in€Canons€3C€and€3D,€or€as€otherwise€required€byÏlaw.€€See€Code,€State€Government€Article,€ðð15„610.ü€€€(üÌÌÐ -n(. Їà@CC#ìàòòREPORTERððS€NOTEóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àCanon€4A€has€been€changed€to€read€the€same€as€Canon€4A€ofÏthe€ABA€Code€including€the€ABA€Commentary.€€The€Committee€noteÏof€the€current€Rule€has€been€deleted.ÌÌà  àCanon€4B€has€been€modified€to€use€the€same€language€asÏthe€parallel€ABA€Rule,€Canon€4B.€€The€language€of€the€currentÏComment€has€been€deleted,€and€the€language€of€the€CommentaryÏto€Canon€4B€of€the€ABA€has€been€added€in€its€place.€€The€twoÏCommittee€notes€have€been€deleted.ÌÌà  àCanon€4C€(1)€has€been€changed€so€that€it€is€the€same€asÏABA€Canon€4C€(1).€€Canon€4C€(2)€has€been€modified€so€that€itÏis€broader€than€the€current€language.€€The€change€allows€aÏjudge€to€sit€on€any€governmental€commission€instead€of€only€onÏthose€devoted€to€improvement€of€the€law,€the€legal€system,€orÏthe€administration€of€justice€as€long€as€it€is€permissible€byÏlaw€and€subject€to€Canon€4D.€€The€Subcommittee€deleted€part€ofÏthe€current€Comment€as€unnecessary.ÌÌà  àThe€Subcommittee€deleted€current€Canon€4C€(3)€asÏunnecessary.€€New€Canon€4C€(3)€is€derived€from€current€CanonÏ4C€and€ABA€Canon€4C€(3).€€The€Comment€is€based€on€theÏCommentary€to€the€ABA€Canon.€€Canon€4C€(3)(a)€was€formerlyÏnumbered€Canon€4C€1.€€It€is€similar€to€ABA€Canon€4C€(3)(a),Ïbut€the€Subcommittee€has€made€some€changes€to€it,€includingÏdeletion€of€the€language€ð ðwill€be€engaged€in€proceedings€thatÏwould€ordinarily€come€before€the€court.ðð€€The€deletion€of€thisÏlanguage€broadens€the€limitation€on€the€judgeððs€service€as€anÏofficer,€director,€or€advisor€of€an€educational,€religious,Ïcharitable,€or€fraternal€organization.ÌÌà  àCanon€4C€(3)(b)€has€been€changed.€€The€language€referringÏto€soliciting€funds€and€making€recommendations€to€fundÏgranting€agencies€has€been€deleted.€€The€Subcommittee€limitedÏthe€prohibition€against€a€judge€participating€as€a€speaker€orÏguest€of€honor€at€fund„raising€events€by€allowing€this€whenÏthe€organization€is€one€that€is€devoted€to€the€improvement€ofÏthe€law,€the€legal€system,€or€the€administration€of€justice.ÌÌà  àCanon€4C€(3)(c)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€4C€(3)(b).€€TheÏCommittee€note€has€been€deleted€as€obsolete.€€The€Comment€isÏsubstantially€the€same€as€the€ABA€Commentary€to€Canon€4CÏ(2)(c).ÌÌà  àCanon€4D€(1)€has€been€changed€so€that€it€is€the€same€asÐ -n(. Ðthe€parallel€ABA€rule,€Canon€4D.€€The€Comment€is€the€last€twoÏparagraphs€of€the€ABA€Commentary.€€Canon€4D€(2)€is€the€currentÏMaryland€Canon€except€that€the€Subcommittee€added€the€phraseÏð ðsubject€to€the€requirements€of€this€Codeðð€which€is€in€CanonÏ4D€(2)€of€the€ABA€Code.€€This€language€alerts€judges€thatÏother€restrictions€may€apply.ÌÌà  àThe€Subcommittee€deleted€current€Canon€4D€(3)€and€(4)Ïbecause€of€their€restrictiveness.€€The€Subcommittee€deletedÏthe€Committee€note€after€Canon€4D€(4)€because€the€note€wasÏunnecessary.ÌÌà  àThe€Subcommittee€moved€Canon€4E€to€Canon€4H.€€Canon€4DÏ(3)€was€previously€Canon€4F.€€It€has€been€changed€so€that€itÏis€identical€to€Canon€4D€(5)€of€the€ABA€Code,€including€theÏComment.ÌÌà  àCanon€4D€(3)(a)€which€had€been€Canon€4F€(a)€has€beenÏchanged€so€that€it€is€the€same€as€Canon€4D€(5)(a)€of€the€ABAÏCode.€€The€Subcommittee€also€adopted€the€language€of€the€ABAÏCommentary€as€a€Comment€to€Canon€4D€(3)(a).ÌÌà  àCanon€4D€(3)(b)€is€new€and€is€identical€to€ABA€Canon€4DÏ(5)(b).€€Canon€4D€(5)(d)€has€been€changed€so€that€it€is€theÏsame€as€ABA€Canon€4D€(5)(d).€€The€Commentary€to€the€ABAÏprovision€is€now€the€Comment€to€Canon€4D€(5)(d).ÌÌà  àCanon€4D€(5)(e)€has€been€changed€so€that€it€is€similar€toÏCanon€4D€(5)(e)€of€the€ABA€Code,€except€that€the€SubcommitteeÏhas€retained€the€word€ð ðrecusalðð€instead€of€the€wordÏð ðdisqualification.ðð€€Canon€4D€(5)(g)€has€been€slightlyÏmodified€to€use€the€language€of€Canon€4D€(5)(g)€of€the€ABAÏCode.€ÌÌà  àCanon€4D€(5)(h)€has€been€modified€so€that€it€is€similarÏto€Canon€4D€(5)(h)€of€the€ABA€Code.€€The€Subcommittee€changedÏthe€Comment€so€that€it€is€the€same€as€the€language€in€the€ABAÏCommentary€to€Canon€4D€(5)(h).€€The€Committee€note€has€beenÏdeleted€as€obsolete.ÌÌà  àCanon€4E€(1)€has€been€modified€so€that€it€is€similar€toÏCanons€4E€(1),€(2)€and€(3)€of€the€ABA€Code.€€The€SubcommitteeÏdeleted€the€Comment€and€substituted€in€its€place€the€languageÏof€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Canon€4E.€€The€Subcommittee€deletedÏpart€of€the€Committee€note€referring€to€ABA€Canons€which€theÏSubcommittee€felt€was€unnecessary.€€The€Subcommittee€addedÏlanguage€covering€the€situation€where€a€judge€serving€as€aÐ -n(. Ðfiduciary€is€involved€in€litigation.Ìà  àÌà  àCanon€4F€was€previously€Canon€4H.€€The€SubcommitteeÏchanged€Canon€4F€so€that€it€is€identical€to€ABA€Canon€4F.€€TheÏCommittee€note€has€been€deleted€as€unnecessary.ÌÌà  àCanon€4G€was€formerly€Canon€4I.€€The€Subcommittee€deletedÏall€sections€of€Canon€4G€in€favor€of€the€briefer€language€ofÏABA€Canon€4G.€€The€Subcommittee€added€a€new€Comment€to€CanonÏ4G,€using€the€language€of€the€ABA€Commentary.ÌÌà  àCanon€4H€was€formerly€Canon€4E.€€The€Subcommittee€changedÏthe€Canon€slightly€so€that€it€is€identical€to€the€language€ofÏABA€Canon€4H.€€A€new€Comment€was€added€which€was€taken€fromÏthe€language€of€the€ABA€Commentary€to€Canon€4H.ÌÌÌÌÐ  ‚Ò ÐÓÓà@ºº&ìàCANON€5€€ˆÌà@   ìàPolitical€Activity€€ˆÌÌA.€€POLITICAL€CONDUCT€OF€A€JUDGE€WHO€IS€NOT€A€CANDIDATE.„Ìà  àA€judge€who€is€not€a€candidate€for€election,€û€€€(ûorü€€€(üÏre-election€û€€€(ûtoü€€€(ü,€or€retention€ò òtoó ó€û€€€(ûin€aü€€€(ü€judicial€office€ò òshouldó óÐ z Ê  Ðû€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€engage€in€any€partisan€political€activity€and€ò òshouldó óÐ <Œ  Ðû€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€resign€judicial€office€when€becoming€a€candidate€for€aÏnon-judicial€office,€except€that€the€judge€may€continue€toÏhold€judicial€office€while€a€candidate€for€election€to€orÏserving€as€a€delegate€in€a€state€constitutional€convention.€€ÌÓÓCommittee€note.„€ABA€Canon€ò ò7Aó ó€û€€€(û5A€(1)ü€€€(ü,€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€CanonÐ V ÐXXVII,€and€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€3€generally€prohibitÐ ç7 Ðpartisan€political€activity€by€a€judge€who€is€not€a€candidateÏfor€judicial€office.€The€resignation€requirement€is€found€inÏABA€Canon€ò ò7€A€(3)ó ó€û€€€(û5A€(2)ü€€€(ü,€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XXIX,€andÐ ŠÚ Ðò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€4.€€ABA€Canon€ò ò7€A€(3)ó ó€û€€€(û5A€(2)ü€€€(üÐ k» Ðallows€a€judge€to€serve€as€a€state€constitutional€conventionÏdelegate€if€allowed€by€law.€Such€a€delegate€is€not€an€"office"Ïwhich€Article€33€of€the€Md.€Declaration€of€Rights€prohibits€aÏjudge€from€holding.€€Board€v.€Attorney€General,€246€Md.€417Ï(1967).€€ÌÌÌÓÓB.€€POLITICAL€CONDUCT€OF€A€JUDGE€WHO€IS€CANDIDATE.„Ìà  àA€judge€who€is€a€candidate€for€election,€re-election,€orÏretention€to€judicial€office€may€engage€in€partisan€politicalÏactivity€allowed€by€ò òlawó ó€with€respect€to€such€candidacy,€exceptÐ ¹( $) Ðthat€the€judge€€Ìà  à(1)€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€act€as€a€leader€or€hold€any€officeÐ W,§'- Ðin€a€ò òpolitical€organizationó ó;€€Ð ° Ðà  à(2)€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€make€speeches€for€a€ò òpoliticalÐ ŒÜ Ðorganizationó ó€or€candidate€or€publicly€endorse€a€candidate€forÐ h¸ Ðnon-judicial€office;€€ÌÌÓÓà@77'ìàCOMMENTˆÌÌ€€€€€€€€A€judge€does€not€publicly€endorse€a€candidate€forÏpublic€office€by€having€the€judge's€name€on€the€same€ticket.€€ÌÌÌÓÓà  à(3)€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€maintain€the€dignity€appropriate€toÐ ^ Ðjudicial€office;€€Ìà  à(4)€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€allow€any€other€person€to€do€for€theÐ ’â Ðjudge€what€the€judge€is€prohibited€from€doing;€€Ìà  à(5)€ò òshouldó ó€û€€€(ûshallü€€€(ü€not€make€pledges€or€promises€of€conductÐ f Ðin€office€other€than€the€faithful€and€impartial€performance€ofÏthe€duties€of€the€office,€announce€the€judge's€views€onÏdisputed€legal€or€political€issues,€or€misrepresent€theÏjudge's€identity,€qualifications,€or€other€fact.€€ÌÓÓCommittee€note.„€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€5B€(1)€is€derived€from€ABA€CanonÐ à"0" Ðò ò7Aó ó€û€€€(û5Aü€€€(ü€(1)€(a),€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XXVII,€and€ò òcurrentó óÐ Á## Ðû€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€3.€€ÌÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€5B€(2)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò7€A€(1)€(b)ó óÐ d&´!& Ðû€€€(û5A€(1)(c)ü€€€(ü€and€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XXVII,€although€the€ABAÐ E'•"' Ðlanguage€probably€is€broad€enough€even€to€prohibit€a€judgeÏfrom€endorsing€another€judge€who€is€also€a€candidate.€ÏHowever,€public€endorsement€by€one€judicial€candidate€ofÏanother€judicial€candidate€has€long€been€permitted€inÏMaryland.€€See€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€20€(issuedÏ4/25/74).€€Ð ‹,Û'- Ї€€€€€The€Commentary€to€ò òsec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€5B€(2)€is€derived€from€theÐ ° ÐCommentary€to€ABA€Canon€ò ò7A€(1)(b)ó ó€û€€€(û5A€(1)(c)ü€€€(ü€and€is€consistentÐ ‘á Ðwith€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€109€(issued€2/14/86).€€ÌÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€5B€(3)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò7B€(1)(a)ó ó€û€€€(û5AÐ 4„ Ð(3)ü€€€(ü.€€That€canon€also€provides€that€a€judge€should€encourageÏfamily€members€to€adhere€to€the€same€standards€of€politicalÏconduct€that€apply€to€the€judge.€€The€Committee€disagrees€withÏthis€proposition;€it€believes€that€family€members€should€beÏfree€to€engage€in€political€activity€in€their€own€right€whichÏis€not€related€to€the€judge's€office.€€ÌÌ€€€€€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€5B€(4)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò7B€(1)(b)ó ó€û€€€(û5AÐ <Œ  Ð(3)(c)ü€€€(ü€and€is€generally€implied€in€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€CanonÐ m  ÐXXIX€and€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Ethics€Rule€10.€€ABA€Canon€ò ò7BÐ þN  Ð(1)(b)ó ó€û€€€(û5A€(3)(c)ü€€€(ü€ò òalsoó ó€provides€that€a€judge€should€prohibitÐ ß/  Ðpublic€officials€or€employees€subject€to€the€judge's€directionÏand€control€for€doing€for€the€judge€what€the€judge€isÏprohibited€from€doing.€€The€Committee€believes€that€this€isÏredundant€to€the€remainder€of€the€subsection€and€may€evenÏimply€that€a€judge€must€terminate€the€employment€of€a€personÏwho€does€not€follow€the€judge's€admonitions€-€a€result€whichÏmay€be€unreasonable€under€the€circumstances.€€ÌÌà  àò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€5B€(5)€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€ò ò7B€(1)(c)ó ó€û€€€(û5AÐ È Ð(3)(d)ü€€€(ü€and€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.€Canon€XXIX.€€Ð ©ù ÐÌà  àABA€Canon€ò ò7Bó ó€û€€€(û5Cü€€€(ü€(2)€prohibits€a€judge€from€personallyÐ k» Ðsoliciting€or€accepting€campaign€funds€or€soliciting€publiclyÏstated€support;€however,€the€judge€may€establish€"committeesÏof€responsible€persons"€to€do€these€things€for€the€judge.€TheÏCommittee€believes€that€this€is€too€restrictive€andÏpolitically€unrealistic,€since€it€puts€the€judge€at€a€distinctÏdisadvantage€to€active€opposition.€Maryland€law€does€requireÏall€campaign€funds€to€be€publicly€reported€by€the€campaignÏtreasurer.€€ÌÌà  àò òABA€Canon€7€permits€partisan€political€activity€by€aÐ 5%… % Ðjudge€who€is€a€candidate€for€retention€without€a€competingÏcandidate€only€if€the€judge's€candidacy€has€drawn€"activeÏopposition."€However,€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€88Ï(issued€8/29/80)€stated€that€such€a€view€"would€not€beÏrealistic,€since€.€.€.€even€in€the€absence€of€an€activeÏcampaign€against€the€judge,€negative€votes€might€be€castÏagainst€the€judge's€continuance€in€office,€as€was€the€case€inÏthe€1978€general€election."€€The€opinion€concluded€that€theÏexception€in€the€canons€which€permitted€political€activity€byÐ -n(. Ðjudges€seeking€election€is€"equally€applicable"€to€appellateÏjudges€standing€for€retention€under€non-competitive€electionÏprocedures.€The€Committee€supports€this€conclusion.ó ó€€Ð r ÐÌÌÓÓC.€€STATUS€OF€A€JUDGE€û€€€(ûOR€LAWYERü€€€(ü€AS€A€CANDIDATE.„Ìà  àA€newly€appointed€judge€is€a€"candidate"€for€judicialÏoffice€from€the€date€of€taking€office€until€the€generalÏelection€pertaining€to€that€judge's€election€or€initialÏretention.€€Any€other€incumbent€judge€is€a€"candidate"€for€aÏperiod€commencing€two€years€prior€to€the€general€electionÏpertaining€to€that€judge's€re-election€or€subsequentÏretention,€or€when€a€newly€appointed€judge€to€that€courtÏbecomes€a€"candidate"€in€the€same€general€election,€whicheverÏfirst€occurs.€€A€û€€€(ûlawyer€who€is€seeking€judicial€office€or€aü€€€(üÏjudge€who€is€seeking€election€to€another€judicial€office€is€aÏ"candidate"€for€that€office€when€the€û€€€(ûlawyer€orü€€€(ü€judge€files€aÏcertificate€of€candidacy€in€accordance€with€the€state€electionÏlaws,€but€no€earlier€than€two€years€prior€to€the€generalÏelection€for€that€office,€orû€€€(û,€in€the€case€of€a€judge,ü€€€(ü€when€aÏnewly€appointed€judge€to€that€court€becomes€a€"candidate"€inÏthe€same€general€election,€whichever€first€occurs.€€ÌÓÓCommittee€note.„€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€14€(issuedÏ5/23/74)€allows€a€judge€to€begin€campaigning€as€a€candidateÏimmediately€upon€assumption€of€office.€The€longest€possibleÏcampaign€period€would€be€one€day€less€than€three€years.€SeeÏArticle€IV,€sec.€5€of€the€Constitution€of€Maryland.€Md.ÏJudicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€34€(issued€7/7/75)€allowed€anÏincumbent€judge€to€begin€campaigning€for€re-election€only€fromÏJanuary€1€of€the€year€of€the€election.€€This€was€found€to€beÐ -n(. Ðtoo€restrictive,€so€the€campaign€period€was€changed€to€"timesÏwhich€are€reasonable€under€the€particular€circumstances€ofÏeach€case."€€Md.€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€57€(issuedÏ11/28/77).€€The€Committee€believes€that€the€latter€standard€isÏtoo€vague,€and€that€an€incumbent€judge€should€be€permitted€toÏcampaign€as€soon€as€the€preceding€general€election€has€ended,Ïwhich€is€a€two-year€period,€or€earlier€if€a€newly€appointedÏjudge,€who€will€be€a€running€mate€of€the€incumbent€judge,€hasÏalready€become€a€candidate.€ò òABA€Canon€7€A€(2)€considers€anÐ ¸  Ðincumbent€judge€whose€office€is€filled€by€election€betweenÏcompeting€candidates€as€always€€a€candidate€for€re-election.€ÏWhile€this€may€be€a€political€necessity€for€judges€in€someÏstates€who€must€stand€for€re-election€frequently,€theÏCommittee€believes€this€is€inappropriate€in€Maryland,€whereÏcircuit€court€judges€are€elected€for€15-year€terms€andÏappellate€judges€are€retained€for€10-year€terms.ó ó€€Ð ß/  ÐÌà  àA€judge€should€be€permitted€to€engage€in€politicalÏactivity€regarding€the€judge's€candidacy€for€judicial€officeÏonly€if€the€judge's€intention€to€pursue€that€candidacy€isÏclear.€€An€incumbent€judge's€candidacy€for€election€orÏre-election€is€fairly€obvious,€but€a€judge's€intention€to€seekÏanother€judicial€office€is€not€as€clear;€therefore,€the€filingÏof€a€certificate€of€candidacy€is€required€in€the€latterÏsituation.€€ÌÌÌÌû€€€(ûD.€€APPLICABILITY.„ÌÌÓÓü€€€(üà  àû€€€(ûCanon€5€generally€applies€to€all€incumbent€judges€andÏjudicial€candidates.€€A€successful€candidate,€whether€or€notÏan€incumbent,€is€subject€to€judicial€discipline€for€his€or€herÏcampaign€conduct;€an€unsuccessful€candidate€who€is€a€lawyer€isÏsubject€to€lawyer€discipline€for€his€or€her€campaign€conduct.€ÏA€lawyer€who€is€a€candidate€for€judicial€office€is€subject€toÏRule€8.2€(b)€of€the€Maryland€Rules€of€Professional€Conduct.ü€€€(üÌÌÓÓà@CC#ìàòòREPORTERððS€NOTEóóˆÐ -n(. Їà  àCanon€5A€has€been€changed€so€that€it€is€stated€asÏmandatory€using€the€word€ð ðshallðð€instead€of€the€word€ð ðshould.ðð€ÏThe€Committee€note€has€been€updated.ÌÌà  àCanon€5B€has€been€changed€so€that€is€couched€asÏmandatory,€using€the€word€ð ðshallðð€instead€of€the€wordÏð ðshould.ðð€€The€Committee€note€has€been€updated.ÌÌà  àCanon€5C€has€been€modified€to€include€the€status€ofÏlawyers€as€candidates.€€The€Subcommittee€deleted€the€last€twoÏsentence€of€the€Committee€note€as€unnecessary.ÌÌà  àCanon€5D€is€new€and€is€identical€to€the€language€of€ABAÏCanon€5E.Ð  m  ÐÓÓà@ºº&ìàCANON€6€€ˆÌà@{{%ìàComplianceˆÌÌA.€€This€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€applies€to€each€judge€of€theÏCourt€of€Appeals,€the€Court€of€Special€Appeals,€the€CircuitÏCourts,€the€District€Courtû€€€(û,ü€€€(ü€and€the€Orphans'€Courts.€€ÌÓÓCommittee€note.„€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€6A€is€derived€from€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(üÐ <Œ  ÐMd.€Ethics€Rule€14€a.€€ÌÌÓÓB.€€Violation€of€any€of€the€ò òprovisions€of€this€Code€ofÐ ß/  ÐJudicial€Conductó ó€û€€€(ûCanonsü€€€(ü€by€a€judge€may€be€regarded€as€conductÐ ¡ñ Ðprejudicial€to€the€proper€administration€of€justice€within€theÏmeaning€of€Maryland€Rule€16-803€(g)€of€the€Rules€concerningÏthe€Commission€on€Judicial€Disabilities.€€ÌÓÓCommittee€note.„€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€6B€is€derived€from€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(üÐ ©ù ÐMd.€Ethics€Rule€15,€which€provides€that€a€violation€of€anÏEthics€Rule€is€€conduct€prejudicial€to€the€properÏadministration€of€justice.€€Whether€the€violation€actually€isÏor€is€not€prejudicial€conduct€is€to€be€determined€by€the€CourtÏof€Appeals€of€Maryland.€€Article€IV,€Sec.€4B€of€the€Md.ÏConstitution€gives€that€Court€the€authority€to€discipline€anyÏjudge€upon€recommendation€of€the€Commission€on€JudicialÏDisabilities.€€This€disciplinary€power€is€alternative€to€andÏcumulative€with€the€impeachment€authority€of€the€GeneralÏAssembly.€€ÌÌÓÓC.€€This€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€applies€to€each€judge€of€oneÏof€those€courts€who€has€resigned€or€retired,€if€the€judge€isÏsubject€to€and€approved€for€recall€for€temporary€service€underÏArticle€IV,€Section€3A€of€the€Constitution,€except€that€CanonÏ4C€(ò òCivil€andó ó€û€€€(ûGovernment,€Civic,€orü€€€(ü€Charitable€Activities);Ð =,'- ÐCanon€4D€(Financial€Activities)€-€paragraphs€(1)ò ò,ó ó€û€€€(ûandü€€€(ü€(2)ò ò,€andÐ ° Ð(3)ó ó;€Canon€ò ò4Gó ó€û€€€(û4Eü€€€(ü€(ò òFiduciaryó ó€Activities);€and€Canon€ò ò4HÐ r Ð(Arbitration)ó ó€û€€€(û4F€(Service€as€Arbitrator€or€Mediatorü€€€(ü€do€notÐ Nž Ðapply€to€any€such€former€judge.€€Ð   ` ÐÓÓCommittee€note.„€ò òSec.ó ó€û€€€(ûCanonü€€€(ü€6C€is€derived€from€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(üÐ ° ÐMd.€Ethics€Rule€14€b.€(1).€€ÌÌà  àò òParagraph€C€of€the€Compliance€Section€of€the€ABA€CodeÐ S£ Ðexempts€a€retired€judge€subject€to€recall€from€only€oneÏprovision€of€the€ABA€Code:€The€provision€which€prohibits€aÏjudge€from€serving€on€a€governmental€commission€concerned€withÏmatters€other€than€improvement€of€the€law,€legal€system,€orÏthe€administration€of€justice.ó ó€€Ð ¸  ÐÌÌû€€€(ûÓÓD.€€A€person€to€whom€this€Code€becomes€applicable€shall€complyÏimmediately€with€all€provisions€of€this€Code€except€Canons€2C,Ì4D€(2),€and€4E€and€shall€comply€with€these€sections€as€soon€asÏreasonably€possible€and€shall€do€so€in€any€event€within€theÏperiod€of€one€year.ü€€€(üÌÓÓÌà@CC#ìàòòREPORTERððS€NOTEóóˆÐ V ÐÌà  àCanon€6B€has€been€changed€by€substituting€the€wordÏð ðCanonsðð€for€the€language€ð ðprovisions€of€this€Code€of€JudicialÏConductðð€to€clarify€that€a€judge€can€only€be€charged€withÏviolating€the€provisions€of€the€Canons€themselves,€and€not€theÏComments€or€the€Committee€notes.ÌÌà  àCanon€6C€has€been€updated,€and€part€of€the€Committee€noteÏhas€been€deleted€because€it€is€no€longer€applicable.ÌÌà  àCanon€6D€is€new€and€is€derived€from€ABA€Canon€6F.ÌÐ  ’"â" ÐÓÓà@ºº&ìàCANON€7€€ˆÌÌà@Ò Ò ìàJudicial€Ethics€CommitteeˆÌÌA.€€The€Chief€Judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€shall€appointÏannually€an€Ethics€Committee€consisting€of€not€less€than€sevenÏand€not€more€than€nine€members.€€One€member€shall€be€appointedÏfrom€each€of€the€Court€of€Special€Appeals,€the€Circuit€Courts,Ïand€the€District€Court.€€Three€members€may€not€be€judges€andÏof€these€one€may€not€be€a€lawyer€or€an€employee€or€officerÏwithin€the€judicial€branch€of€government.€€The€remainingÏmembers€shall€be€judges€appointed€from€any€of€the€aboveÏcourts,€but€not€from€the€Court€of€Appeals.€€The€Chief€JudgeÏshall€designate€one€of€the€members€as€chairperson.€€Ìà  àIn€addition€to€its€other€duties,€the€Committee€€Ìà  àà ` à(1)€is€designated€as€the€body€to€give€advice€withÏrespect€to€the€application€of€the€provisions€of€Subtitles€5Ïand€6€of€Title€15€of€the€State€Government€Article,€AnnotatedÏCode€of€Maryland,€to€State€officials€of€the€Judicial€Branch€asÏdefined€in€Title€15€of€the€State€Government€Article;€and€€Ìà  àà ` à(2)€shall€from€time€to€time€submit€to€the€Court€ofÏAppeals€recommendations€for€necessary€or€desirable€changes€inÏthe€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct,€and€the€Code€of€Conduct€forÏJudicial€Appointees.€€Ð -n(. ÐB.€€Any€judge€may€in€writing€request€the€opinion€of€theÏCommittee€on€the€proper€interpretation€of€the€Code€of€JudicialÏConduct€as€contained€in€Rule€16-813,€or€as€to€the€provisionsÏof€Subtitle€›5€or€6€of€Title€15€of€the€State€GovernmentÏArticle,€Annotated€Code€of€Maryland.€€A€judge€who€hasÏrequested€an€opinion€and€who€is€in€compliance€with€thatÏopinion€is€protected€from€a€charge€of€violation€of€Code€orÏstatute€construed€in€that€opinion.€€ÌC.€€A€judge€or€any€person€who€is€subject€to€the€Code€ofÏConduct€for€Judicial€Appointees€as€contained€in€Rule€16-814Ïmay€in€writing€request€the€opinion€of€the€Committee€on€theÏproper€interpretation€of€the€rules€of€conduct.€€A€person€whoÏhas€requested€an€opinion€and€who€is€in€compliance€with€it€isÏprotected€from€a€charge€of€violation€of€the€Code€construed€inÏthat€opinion.€€ÌD.€€Any€person,€other€than€a€judge,€who€is€a€State€official€ofÏthe€Judicial€Branch€within€the€meaning€of€that€term€as€used€inÏðð15-104€(2)€of€the€State€Government€Article,€Annotated€Code€ofÏMaryland,€may€in€writing€request€the€opinion€of€the€CommitteeÏon€the€proper€interpretation€of€Subtitle€5€or€6€of€Title€15€ofÏthe€State€Government€Article.€€The€person€who€requests€anÏopinion€and€who€is€in€compliance€with€it€is€protected€from€aÏcharge€of€violation€of€the€statute€construed€in€that€opinion.€€ÌE.€€Every€opinion€issued€pursuant€to€this€rule€shall€be€filedÐ -n(. Ðwith€the€Secretary€of€the€Maryland€Judicial€Conference.€€TheÏfiled€opinion€is€confidential€and€not€public€informationÏunless€the€Court€of€Appeals€otherwise€directs.€€However,€theÏSecretary€shall€prepare€an€edited€version€of€each€opinion,€inÏwhich€the€identity€of€the€person€who€has€requested€theÏopinion,€the€specific€court€or€geographical€location€of€thatÏperson,€and€the€identity€of€other€individuals,€organizationsÏor€groups€mentioned€in€the€opinion,€may€not€be€disclosed.€ÏEdited€opinions€shall€be€published€in€the€manner€the€SecretaryÏdeems€proper.€€ÌÓÓCommittee€note.„€Canon€7€is€derived€from€ò òcurrentó ó€û€€€(ûformerü€€€(ü€Md.Ð D” ÐEthics€Rule€16.€€ÌÌCross€reference:€€See€Rule€16-802€(The€Maryland€JudicialÏConference).€€ÌÌSource:€€This€Rule€is€former€Rule€1231.€€Ì